THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH INSECTS; EXPLAINING THEM IN THEIR SEVERAL STATES, WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, THEIR FOOD, OECONOMY, &c.
TOGETHER WITH THE HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE.
THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGURES, DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS.
BY E. DONOVAN.
VOL. X.
LONDON: PRINTED BY EYE AND LAW, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, CLERKENWILL, FOR THE AUTHOR, And for F. and C. RIVINGTON, No 62, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH YARD. MDCCCI.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH INSECTS.
PLATE CCCXXV. SPHINX TILIAE. LIME HAWK MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae thickest in the middle. Wings deflexed when at rest. Fly slow morning and evening.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings angulated, greenish clouded with brown, two triangular dive spots disposed as a bar across the anterior wing, tips white. Posterior wings yellow brown with a transverse dark bar.
SPHINX TILIAE: alis angulatis virescenti nebulosis saturatius fasciatis, posticis supra luteo testaceis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2.
797. 3.—
Fn. Sv.
1085.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
1.
p.
358.
Sp.
10.
Albin. Ins. tab.
10.
Roes. Ins.
1.
phal.
1.
tab.
2.
Schaeff. Elem. tab.
116.
fig.
1.
Schaeff. Icon. tab.
100.
fig.
1. 2.
Merian. Europ.
2.
tab.
24.
Esp. Ins.
2.
tab.
3.
Geoffr. Ins.
2. 80. 2.
The larva of this elegant Insect feeds on the Lime tree. In September it changes to the pupa, and the Sphinx is produced in May.—It is very common in most parts of the country.
PLATE CCCXXVI. PTINUS PECTINICORNIS. COLEOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae filiform, the last articulation longest. Thorax roundish, with a margin into which the head is drawn back.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Brown. Antennae yellowish and pectinated.
PTINUS PECTINICORNIS: fuscus antennis luteis pectinatis.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p.
1.
This species differs very much from the other Insects of the Ptinus genus in having feathered antennae. Geoffroy, who described it before Linnaeus, called it Ptilinus. Linnaeus placed it in his System in the Ptinus genus, and to distinguish it named it specifically pectinicornis. The two sexes of this Insect may be distinguished by the form of the antennae; those of the female are but slightly pectinated, that which we have figured is the male having large feathered antennae.
This creature lives in decayed wood.
PLATE CCCXXVII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA LEPORINA. MILLER OF MANSFIELD MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings deflexed, white, sprinkled with forked black spots: no spots on the abdomen.
PHALAENA LEPORINA: alis deflexis albis: punctis ramosis, abdomine inmaculato.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 838. 9.
Fn. Sv.
1176.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
1.
p.
453. 144.
Degeer Ins.
1.
tab.
12.
fig.
10. 11. 17.
Fyest. Magaz.
2.
tab.
1.
fig.
1—3.
We cannot account for the very absurd name English Aurelians have given to this Insect. It probably originated in some trivial event, which has been long since forgotten, but as the Insect will be better known by that name than any other we could adopt, it is thought most advisable to retain it.
This Moth is uncommonly scarce in Great Britain. The larva is of a pale or greenish white colour with three longitudinal stripes of brown and a few black bars across. It feeds on the Willow and Alder. Four of those larvae were taken in the wood of Darent, 1793; and one of them was reared to the winged state.
FIG. II. PHALAENA ALNI.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Anterior wings brown with two broad spaces of grey, divided by a transverse dark bar, and a kidney-shaped spot in the middle. Posterior wings whitish with a marginal row of brown spots, pale brown at the apex.
PHALAENA ALNI: cristata alis deflexis fuliginosis: areis duabus cinerascentibus priore puncto marginali nigro.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 845. 134.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
sp.
89.
Noctua Degener.
Wien. Verz.
70. 4.—
Degeer. Ins.
1.
tab.
11.
fig.
25. 28.
One of the rare English species of Phalaenae known amongst collectors by the general name of Portland Moths, having been first discovered and introduced to notice as natives of this country by the late Dutchess Dowager of Portland.
FIG III. PHALAENA DIPSACEA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax smooth. Anterior wings pale clay colour, with a broad brown ramose bar across. Posterior pair black, with an irregular pale oblique bar, and double spot of the same near the posterior margin.
PHALAENA DIPSACEA: laevis alis deflexis pallidis: fascia lata fusca, posticis albo nigroque variis.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
2. 856. 185.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
33.
sp.
83.
Wien. verz.
89. 3.
Hitherto considered as a scarce or at least very local species. Dr. Latham found it in great abundance in a clover field near Dartford, Kent. The larva is described; it is red with broken or interrupted white lines and a cinereous head. It feeds on the Centaurea, Plantain and Tragopogon.
PLATE CCCXXVIII. PHALAENA FAGI. LOBSTER MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings reversed, reddish ash colour, with two incurvated yellowish lines across the first pair.
PHALAENA FAGI: alis reversis rufo cinereis: fasciis duabus linearibus luteis flexuosis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 816. 30.
—
Fn. Sv.
113.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
1.
p.
422.
sp.
51.
Albin. Ins. tab.
58.
Wien. Verz.
63. 2.
Roes. Ins.
3.
tab.
12.
Act. holm.
1749. 132.
tab.
4.
fig.
10. 14.
The trivial name of Lobster Moth, which this species has acquired from the singular form of its larva, cannot be unfamiliar to the English Aurelian, though the Moth itself is in the possession of few. The larva was figured and described by Albin, and collectors about the middle of the last century occasionally met with it in the woods near London, which have been since destroyed. At that time it was however scarce, and being difficult to rear, the Moth has always been deemed one of the most valuable British species of the Lepidoptera tribe.
An old collector at Hoxton once informed us, that the larva of this Insect was called the BREECHES Caterpillar about fifty years ago; that it was in great request by most collectors of his time, and that he deemed himself fortunate in finding two specimens of it in the course of his life, though he had not reared either. Those were taken on some Chestnut trees which grew at that time in St. George's fields. The late Mr. Bentley found it once on the Beech, and Mr. Francillon has a specimen of it in his cabinet, which he met with himself. Our figures are copied from Mr. Francillon's specimen, and the drawings Roesel has given of it in his History of the Insects of Germany.
PLATE CCCXXIX. SPHEX APPENDIGASTER. SMALL-BODIED ICHNEUMON WASP. HYMENOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Mouth armed with jaws, no tongue. Antennae consist of ten articulations. Wings extended, without folds, and laid horizontally upon the back. Sting sharp and pointed, and concealed within the abdomen.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Black. Abdomen small, joined to the thorax by a footstalk. Posterior legs very long.
SPHEX APPENDIGASTER: atra abdomine petiolata brevissimo, pedibus posticis longissimis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 945. 12.—
Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat.
p. 2723. 245.
sp.
12.
EVANIA APPENDIGASTER: atra abdomine petiolato brevissimo dorso thoracis imposito, pedibus posticis longissimis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
2. 141. 1.
Degeer. Ins.
3. 394.
tab.
30.
fig.
14.
Reaum. Ins.
6.
tab.
31.
fig.
13.
The novelty of this creature will be immediately obvious to those in the slightest degree acquainted with the hymenopterous tribes of Insects. At first sight it has the exact appearance of an Insect deprived of the body, for the abdomen is extremely small in proportion to the other parts, and so much recurved or bent under the posterior part of the thorax as to be scarcely visible.
It is not more remarkable for its singularity than rarity, for we have ventured to introduce it as an English Insect on one authority only.—A specimen of it was lately taken by the Rev. James Coyte of Ipswich, in Suffolk. We have it from the South of Europe.
PLATE CCCXXX. PHALAENA ACERIS. SYCAMORE MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Wings deflexed, grey, undulated with black, and a black dagger-like mark at the base of the anterior pair.
PHALAENA ACERIS: cristata alis deflexis canis nigro undatis, abdomine subtus basi brunneo.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 846. 137.—
Fn. Sv.
1179.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
107.
sp.
322.
Wilks pap.
32.
tab.
2.
c.
6.
Reaum. Ins.
1.
tab.
34.
fig.
11.
Frisch. Ins.
1.
tab.
5.
The larva of this species feeds on the Sycamore, it becomes a pupa late in August, and appears in the winged state in June.
Another Moth very analogous to this species is known amongst English collectors by the name of Sycamore likeness; it is exceedingly similar in its colour and marks, but is destitute of the small dagger-form black spot which is situated near the base of the anterior wings in Phalaena Aceris.
PLATE CCCXXXI. PHALAENA DELPHINII. PEASE-BLOSSOM MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Wings deflexed, first pair purple with two broad transverse whitish bars, second pair pale brown.
PHALAENA DELPHINII: cristata alis deflexis purpurascentibus: fasciis duabus albidis, posticis obscuris.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 857. 188.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
90.
sp.
267.
Geoff. Ins.
2. 164. 109.
Merian. Europ.
1.
tab.
40.
Roes. Ins.
1.
phal.
2.
tab.
12.
Panz. Fn. Germ.
7.
tab.
17.
The Phalaena Delphinii is extremely rare. A traditionary opinion seemed to prevail amongst the old collectors of English Insects, that it had been taken in this country, but the fact was not clearly ascertained till within the last two years.
The late Duchess of Portland, it is reported, once found a mutilated wing of some Phalaena hanging in a cobweb, which it was conjectured had belonged to this species; but on such slender authority few were disposed to consider it as a British Insect: and thence it remained a subject of dispute till the summer of 1799, when our worthy friend W. Jones, Esq. met with a charming specimen of it alive in his own garden at Chelsea; and thereby removed every doubt respecting it, as a British Species.
The larva feeds on the Larkspur, and is figured by Roesel together with the eggs and pupa; those figures we have copied in the annexed plate, as they render the history of this interesting. Insect more complete than our limited information would otherwise permit. —The larva seems to bear some resemblance to those of Phalaena Verbasci, or Water Betony Moth; the colours are nearly the same, but the black spots in the former are more numerous.
PLATE CCCXXXII. BLATTA LAPPONICA. HEMIPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Head inflected. Antennae setaceous. Elytra semicoriaceous. Thorax flat, orbicular and margined. Feet formed for running.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Yellowish. A few black spots on the longitudinal ridge of the wing cases.
BLATTA LAPPONICA: flavescens elytris nigro maculatis.
Linn. Fn. Sv.
863.—
Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p.
2044.
Sulz. Ins. t.
8.
f.
3.
Geoffr. Ins. par.
1.
p.
381.
n.
3.
We believe this is a scarce Species in Great Britain. The late Mr. Bentley has taken it about Epping.—It is very common in Lapland.
PLATE CCCXXXIII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA REPANDARIA. THE MOTTLED BEAUTY.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Antennae pectinated. Wings grey, undulated, clouded with brown, and surrounded with a black waved marginal line.
PHALAENA REPANDARIA: pectinicornis, alis cinercis: omnibus fusco-undatis; posticis margine repando atro.
Phalaena repandata.
Linn. Syst.
866. 235.—
Fn. Suec.
1260.
Kleeman Ins.
1.
t.
14.
fig.
1. 2.
t.
28.
f.
1.
The two Moths figured I. I. in the annexed plate are supposed to be the male and female of the same species. Taken in June, about Willows.
FIG. II. PHALAENA CONSORTARIA. THE PALE OAK BEAUTY.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Antennae feathered. Wings pale greyish, waved with brown. An eye-shaped spot, whith an oblong white pupil in the middle of the posterior wings.
PHALAENA CONSORTARIA: pectinicornis alis dentatis griseis fusco strigosis: posticis puncto ocellari oblongo albido.
Fab. Ent. Syst.
3.
b.
137. 29.
Found on the Oak in June.
PLATE CCCXXXIV. PHALAENA FLAVOCINCTA. GREAT RANUNCULUS MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Wings deflexed: margins dentated. First pair greyish brown, obscurely clouded and variegated with small orange-yellow spots.
PHALAENA FLAVOCINCTA: cristata alis deflexis dentatis fusco cinereoque variis fulvo punctatis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
114.
sp.
334.
Noctua flavocincta.
Wien. Verz.
72. 2.
Roes. Ins.
1.
phal.
2.
tab.
54. 55.
The larva is supposed to feed on the black Cherry and Sloe; on the latter of which we once found it. Its English name implies that it feeds also on some plant of the Ranunculus genus. In the winged state it is sometimes met with in gardens.
Another Insect analagous to this species has been named the small Ranunculus Moth.
PLATE CCCXXXV. CHRYSOMELA MARGINELLA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae composed of globular articulations, increasing in bulk towards the ends. Thorax and elytra without margins.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black. Head, thorax, feet, and exterior border of the wing-cases yellowish.
CHRYSOMELA MARGINELLA; niger, capite thorace pedibus coleoptrorumque limbo flavis.
A new species, taken in Coombe Wood in the month of July, by Alex. M'Leay, Esq. and the Rev. Mr. Kirby.
PLATE CCCXXXVI. PHALAENA PINIARIA. PINE MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antennae feathered. Upper side brown, with broad yellowish spots in the disk. Under side mottled, and clouded with two dark bars across the posterior pair.
PHALAENA PINIARIA: pectinicornis alis fuscis flavo maculatis subtus nebulosis: fasciis duabus fuscis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 861. 210.
Fn. Sv.
1233.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
141.
sp.
45.
Clerk. phal. tab.
1.
fig.
10.
Schoeff. Icon. tab.
159.
fig.
1. 2.
This rare and curious species of Phalaena has been for some years admitted to the cabinets of English Natural History, but on the most dubious authority. That it is an inhabitant of Great Britain, is however now ascertained, for in the summer of the present year: about the last week in June, it was observed in great plenty in a fir wood at Crathis, on the north bank of the river Dee, in Mearnshire, Scotland, by George Milne, Esq. of Surrey Place, Walworth. They seldom fly low, and are consequently taken with some difficulty.
The larva is green, streaked with white and yellow, and feeds on the Pine. Linnaeus and Fabricius add the Lime and Alder also.
PLATE CCCXXXVII. LIBELLULA VULGATA. COMMON DRAGON FLY.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Mouth armed with more than two jaws. Antennae shorter than the thorax. Wings expanded without folds. Tail of the male furnished with forceps.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings transparent. Abdomen cylindrical and reddish.
LIBELLULA VULGATA: alis hyalinis, corpore cylindrico rufo.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 901. 3.—
Fn. Sv.
1461.
Roes. Ins.
2.
Aquatic.
2.
tab.
8.
This is the most abundant species of the Libellula tribe; frequenting ditches and other watery places during summer. The colours in different specimens vary exceedingly.
FIG. II. LIBELLULA GRANDIS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings yellowish. Abdomen cylindrical, variegated, four yellow lines on the thorax.
Libellula fulva alis flavescentibus, thoracis lateribus lineis duabus flavis, fronte flavescente cauda diphylla.
Geoff. Ins.
2. 227. 12.
LIBELLULA GRANDIS: alis glaucescentibus thoracis lateribus lineis quatuor flavis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 903. 9.—
Fn. Sv.
1467.
Libellula fusca capite rotundato, thorace lineolis quatuor transversis luteis, alis flavicantibus, abdomine cylindrico.
Degeer. Ins.
2. 2. 45.
tab.
20.
fig.
6.
When the fine species of Libellula
grandis
was figured in plate 166 of this work, we were not in possession of the variety with yellow wings which Linnaeus describes. It has since been discovered in the neighbourhood of Battersea, and we deem it too interesting to be omitted.
The yellow colour of the wings can by no means induce us to think it a distinct species from the variety with wings perfectly transparent, especially as the same variation is observed in most other species of the same tribe, and particularly amongst the English species in flaveola virgo and puella. The marks and colours of the abdomen and thorax are still more liable to variation, and can scarcely furnish any precise character for a specific difference.
PLATE CCCXXXVIII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA CUCULLA. MAPLE PROMINENT MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Tongue spiral. Thorax crested. Wings deflexed, margin denticulated, yellow brown clouded with ferruginous and marked obliquely with several interrupted parallel and interwoven waved streaks. A broad white band next the exterior margin.
PHALAENA CUCULLA: spirilinguis, cristata alis deflexis denticulatis ochraceis maculis ferrugineis, fasciaque marginali albida striis intertexta fuscis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
81.
This species is uncommonly rare, and has, we believe, not been figured by any author, unless
fig.
1.
tab.
71.
of Esper
is intended for the same insect.—It feeds on the maple.
FIG. II. PHALAENA RUBAGO.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings yellow: base, costal spot, and oblique broad bar near the apex reddish, sprinkled with points of a darker colour.
PHALAENA RUBAGO: alis anticis flavis; basi macula costali, fascia lata obliqua punctisque ferrugineis.
A new and undescribed British species. Once found in the wood at Hornsey.
FIG. III. PHALAENA PAR. KITTEN-LIKENESS MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings greyish white, with a broad clouded bar across the middle. Posterior wings darkest near the exterior margin.
PHALAENA PAR: alis anticis griseo-albidis: fascia lata nebulosa, posticis extus fuscentibus.
Marsh. Mss.
Sometimes found sticking against walls and trunks of trees, and is certainly an hitherto undescribed species.
PLATE CCCXXXIX. PHALAENA SULPHURALIS.
MARGATE BEAUTY.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
First wings yellow, with irregular connected streaks of black spots, and detached marks of the same colour on the anterior margin. Second pair brown.
Phalaena Sulphuralis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 881. 333.
BOMBYX LUGUBRIS: alis deflexis flavis: rivulis punctisque atris, posticis fuscis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
1.
p.
467.
sp.
188.—
Schaeff. Icon. tab.
9.
fig.
14. 15.
A scarce insect in this country. It is said to have been first discovered at Margate, and from that circumstance was afterwards known amongst English collectors by the name of
Margate beauty.
— Another insect, by no means similar, has however received the same name, having been met with at Margate likewise.
FIG. II. PHALAENA PURPURALIS. PURPLE AND GOLD MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Purple, with two irregular yellow bands continued across both the upper and under wings.
PHALAENA PURPURALIS: alis purpurascentibus: omnibus fasciis duabus luteis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 883. 342.—
Fn. Sv.
1356.
Found on nettles in May.
PLATE CCCXL.
FIG. I. PHALAENA LAPPAE. THE BURDOCK MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
First wings ferrugineous; a broad yellow clouded bar with three yellow eye-shaped spots across the middle. A yellow spot at the base, and another at the apex. Second wings pale, with an obscure transverse streak.
PHALAENA LAPPAE: alis ferrugineis: basi stigmatibus fascia maculaque apicis flavis fusco-nebulosis, posticis pallidis striga obscura.
Marsh. Mss.
It feeds on the Burdock.
FIG. II. PHALAENA CITRINA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Thorax crested. First wings yellowish, with two transverse bands of brown; the interior one interrupted and enclosed between two irregular whitish streaks.
PHALAENA CITRINA alis flavescentibus, lineis duabus irregularibus transversis albidis, fasciis duabus fuscis, interiore interrupta.
Ernst, in the Papillons de l'Europe,
fig.
378. gives the figure of a Phalaena not very dissimilar to our species, and probably a mere variety of it. Under this idea we have named it Citrina, from the French name La Citrinne, adopted by Ernst, for it does not appear to have been either figured or described by any other author.
This choice and beautiful Insect is one of those discovered by the late Duchess of Portland, and is in the Cabinet of Mr. Francillon.
FIG. III. PHALAENA CLAVIS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
First wings reddish, with a paler dash along the middle, ending near a kindney eye-shaped mark and a contiguous white spot. An interrupted dark mark at the base.
PHALAENA CLAVIS: alis fusco cinereis linea media punctoque albis, lineola interrupta baseos maculisque fuscis.
Several varieties of this Insect appear to have been figured in the work of Ernst already quoted, but none of them agree so precisely with our specimen as to permit us to refer to his plates.—We believe it is not described by Fabricius or any other systematic author.
PLATE CCCXLI. BLATTA GERMANICA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae setaceous. Head inflected. Thorax flat, orbicular, and margined. Abdomen terminated in two appendices. Feet made for running.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Livid brown, with two black parallel lines on the thorax.
BLATTA GERMANICA: livida thorace lineis duabus parallelis nigris.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 688. 9.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
2.
p.
10.
sp.
220.
Herbst. Arch. tab.
49.
fig.
10.
Abundant in Germany, but very rare in this country.
PLATE CCCXLII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA LICHENARIA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antennae feathered, wings variegated with green and grey, and marked across with two black lines, the interior one recurved, and the exterior waved and bent in the opposite direction.
PHALAENA LICHENARIA: pectinicornis alis viridi cinereoque variis: strigis duabus nigris; anteriore recurva, posteriore undato flexuosa.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
145.
sp.
59.
The two sexes of this Insect is figured in the annexed plate,
fig.
1. 1.—The pectinated antennae denote the male.
FIG. II. PHALAENA SPARTIATA. BROOM MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antennae setaceous. First wings deep grey with large oblong brown spots, encircled with white. Second wings ash-coloured.
PHALAENA SPARTIATA: seticornis alis oblongis fuscis: vitta-albida, posticis cinereis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
181.
sp.
188.
Phalaena Spartiata.
Fuesl. Arch.
2.
tab.
5.
Feeds on the broom, and is found in the winged state in June and July.—It is scarce, or at least very local.
FIG. III. PHALAENA UNDULATA. SCALLOP-SHELL MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antennae setaceous. Wings pale, and uniformly streaked transversely with numerous scalloped lines of brown.
PHALAENA UNDULATA: seticornis alis omnibus strigis confertissimis undulatis fuscis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 867. 239.—
Fn. Sv.
272.
Clerk. Ins. tab.
6.
fig.
3.
Harr. Ins. tab.
2.
fig.
5. 6.
Sometimes taken in Kent, particularly in Darent Wood, Dartford. It feeds on the Willow and Oak, and appears in the winged state in June.
PLATE CCCXLIII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA JANTHINA. ORANGE, UNDERWING MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. First wings incumbent, grey, variegated with brown, and marks of white. Second pair black with a large orange spot in the middle, and an exterior border of the same colour.
PHALAENA JANTHINA: cristata alis incumbentibus griseis: litura albida, posticis atris: macula media margineque ferrugineis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
59.
sp.
166.
Phalaena Janthina.
Wien. Verz.
78. 9.
Phalaena Domiduca.
Fuesl. Arch.
3.
tab.
16.
Found in Darent Wood in the month of July. The larva is said to be white, with undulated brown streaks, and spotted next the posterior part with black.
FIG. II. PHALAENA ORBONA. PALE YELLOW UNDERWING MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. First wings incumbent, liver-colour, with obscure spots. Second wings yellow, with a brown lunar mark in the middle, and a band of the same colour near the posterior margin.
PHALAENA ORBONA: cristata alis incumbentibus hepaticis: posticis flavis; lunula strigaque postica fuscis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
57.
sp.
158.
This species is far less frequent than the Phalaena Pronuba, to which, at first glance, it bears some resemblance. Fabricius describes it as a native of Germany, and it does not occur in the Works of any Author as a British Insect.
FIG. III. PHALAENA ARBUTI.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Thorax crested. Wings deflexed, brown; posterior pair black, with a yellow band across the middle.
PHALAENA ARBUTI: cristata alis deflexis fuscis: posticis nigris flava.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
126.
sp.
380.
Described by Fabricius in his last Work as an English Insect, from which we may infer, that it is not common in other parts of Europe.
PLATE CCCXLIV. JULUS COMPLANATUS.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Feet numerous. Twice as many on each side as the segments of the body. Antennae moniliform. Palpi two, articulated, body semicylindrical.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antennae clavated. Body flat. Tail acute.
JULUS COMPLANATUS: pedibus utrinque 30, corpore planiusculo, antennis clavatis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 1065. 4. —
Fn. Sv.
2068.
JULUS COMPLANATUS: pedibus utrinque 30, corpore planiusculo, cauda acuta.
Fab. Ent. Syst.
2.
p.
393.
Fabricius as well as Linnaeus considers the number of feet as an essential part of the specific character throughout this genus. Both are certainly mistaken in assigning thirty feet to each side of this creature. Degeer mentions thirty-one; and in an unmutilated specimen we have, two legs may be perceived at every joint except those nearest the head. The body is flat, the shields slightly scabrous, and the antennae clavated, the last we deem more characteristic than the number of the feet.
This very curious creature is local, being rare in most places.
PLATE CCCXLV.
FIG. I. PHALAENA GRANDIS. GREY ARCHES MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings whitish, variegated with black, and waved or arched transverse streaks. A large eye-shaped spot in the middle, and a black character in the posterior angle.
PHALAENA GRANDIS: alis albicantibus nigro-varie undatis: stigmatibus magnis subocellaribus, litura prope anglum posticum nigrum.
An Insect well known amongst English collectors by the name of Grey Arches Moth, from the characteristic arched double lines across the superior wings. It is altogether unnoticed by Linnaeus a Fabricius, though figured by Sepp. vol. ii.
tab.
27. It is esteemed a scarce species in this country.
FIG. II. III. PHALAENA SPINULA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings variegated brown and grey, with obscure transverse bars. Three distinct black pointed characters near the apex.
PHALAENA SPINULA: alis fusco cinereis maculis strigisque obscuris lituris tribus acutiusculis distinctis nigris ad apicem.
The specimens,
fig.
2 and 3. appear at the first view two very distinct Insects; yet on the most attentive comparison of the characteristic marks, we are inclined to consider them as the two sexes of the same species, notwithstanding the dissimilarity of their colours in general. The kind represented at
fig.
2, and which from its setaceous antennae is evidently the female, has been placed in English cabinets as a species somewhat analogous to the Phalaena Exoleta, or Sword-blade Moth, under the trivial appellation of the
scarce
Sword-blade Moth. The other, which from the pectinated structure of its antennae, is obviously the male, is equally uncommon.
We have observed several figures of this species different only in colour in the works of Ernst, and one in particular nearly corresponding with that represented in the annexed plate at
fig.
2, which he calls
spinula;
a name we have ventured to adopt, as the Insect is neither described by Linnaeus nor Fabricius.
PLATE CCCXLVI.
FIG. I. MUSCA GROSSA. GREAT BLACK FLY. DIPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
A soft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Body hairy, black. Wings ferruginous at the base.
MUSCA GROSSA: pilosa nigra, alis basi ferrugineis.
Linn. à Gmel. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2845.
sp.
75.
Fn. Suec.
1837.
Fab. Sp. Ins.
2.
p.
441.
n.
30.
Schaeff. Icon. tab.
108.
fig.
6.
Degeer. Ins.
6.
p.
21.
n.
1.
tab.
1.
fig.
1.
The largest of the Musca genus found in this country. Breeds in dung.
FIG. II. MUSCA BICINCTA. DOUBLE BELTED FLY.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Black. Sides of the thorax and two belts across the abdomen yellow.
MUSCA BICINCTA: nigra, antennis elongatis, thorace lateribus punctis abdomineque cingulis duobus flavis.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2872.
sp.
38.
Fab. Sp. Ins.
2.
p.
427.
n.
30.
Degeer. Ins.
6.
p.
126.
n.
16.
t.
7.
fig.
16.
FIG. III. MUSCA VIBRANS. VIBRATORY FLY.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings transparent, black at the tip. Head red.
MUSCA VIBRANS: alis hyalinis apice nigris capite rubro.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2855.
sp.
112.
Fab. Sp. Ins.
2.
p.
450.
n.
81.
Degeer. Ins.
6.
p.
32.
n.
11.
t.
1.
fig.
19.
Geoffr. Ins. p.
2.
p.
494.
n.
4.
Remarkable for the continual vibratory motion of its wings.
FIG. IV. MUSCA NOCTILUCA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Somewhat hairy, black; two pellucid spots on the first segment of the abdomen.
MUSCA NOCTILUCA: subtomentosa atra, abdominis segmento primo maculis duabus pellucidis.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2874.
sp.
48.
Faun. Suec.
1814.
Fab. Sp. Ins.
2.
p.
431.
n.
54.
FIG. V. MUSCA SCYBALARIA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Reddish brown, an obscure dot in the Wings.
MUSCA SCYBALARIA: rufa ferruginea, alis puncto obscuriore.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2853.
sp.
104.
Faun. Suec.
1860.
Fab. Sp. Ins.
2.
p.
449.
n.
72.
Scop. Carn.
896.
Found on Dung.
PLATE CCCXLVII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA APRILINA, SCARCE MERVEILLE DU JOUR MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Wings deflexed, green: a black mark and transverse band; and a single row of black triangular dots near the apex.
PHALAENA APRILINA: cristata alis deflexis viridibus: macula fasciaque atris apice punctorum trigonum serie unica.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
103.
sp.
306.
PHALAENA runica
Linn.
Linnaeus has made some confusion between the two species of Phalaena Aprilina and runica in several of his works. In the last edition by Gmelin, our Insect stands as the P.
runica;
and in the Entomologia Systematica of Fabricius, which we have in this instance preferred, it is the Phalaena Aprilina.
The English Entomologist is indebted to the assiduity of the late Duchess of Portland for the discovery of this extremely rare species in England. It feeds on the Oak.
FIG. II. PHALAENA PINASTRI.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Wings deflexed, blackish: oblique broad space along the exterior margin grey.
PHALAENA PINASTRI: cristata alis deflexis nigris: margine tenuiori anguloque ani obscure cinereis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 851. 160.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
101.
sp.
302.
Not so rare as the preceding but still much esteemed by the English Entomologist.—Feeds on the Pine.
FIG. III. PHALAENA GEMINA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
First wings greyish brown, with two transverse broad bands and two connected white spots, and a minute dot in the middle.
PHALAENA GEMINA: spirilinguis cristata, alis superioribus cinereo-fuscentibus, fasciis duabus strigosis maculisque duabus niveis intermediis.
Beckwith's paper trans. Linn. Soc. Vol.
2.
p.
4.
The larva is of a pale yellow with a red head. It feeds on the Poplar, and about the beginning of October encloses itself between two leaves, which it unites at the edges by means of many strong threads, and becomes a pupa. The Moth bursts forth about the end of May or beginning of June.
PLATE CCCXLVIII.
FIG. I. CURCULIO LATIROSTRIS.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae subclavated and seated in a rostrum or proboscis, which is of a horny substance and prominent.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Snout short, broad, and flattish. Wing-cases brown, with two black spots: apex white.
CURCULIO LATIROSTRIS: rostro latissimo plano, elytris apice albis: punctis duobus nigris.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1783.
sp.
360.
FIG. II. CURCULIO PARAPLECTICUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Cylindrical, yellowish brown. Wing-cases terminated in an acute point.
CURCULIO PARAPLECTICUS: cylindricus subcinereus, elytris mucronatis.
Fn. Sv.
604.—
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1750.
sp.
34.—
Schaeff. Icon. t.
44.
fig.
1.
FIG. III. CURCULIO ALBINUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black, front of the head and tip of the wing-cases white. Thorax tuberculated.
CURCULIO ALBINUS: niger, fronte anoque albis, thorace tuberculato.
Gmel. a Linn. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1783.
sp.
79.
This, as well as the two preceding species is very rare.
PLATE CCCXLIX.
FIG. I. PHALAENA DOLABRARIA. SCORCHED WING MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings yellow, with numerous ferruginous transverse streaks. Anal angle violet.
PHALAENA DOLABRARIA: alis flavis: strigis ferrugineis anguloque ani violaceo.
Linn. Syst. Nat. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
2451.
Fab. sp. Ins.
2.
p.
245.
n.
21.
sp.
207.
FIG. II. PHALAENA URTICATA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antennae like a bristle. Wings white, with bands of brown spots. Thorax and tail yellow.
PHALAENA URTICA: seticornis alis albis fusco fasciato-maculatis, thorace anoque flavis.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 873. 272.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
209.
sp.
299.
Roes. Ins.
1.
phal.
4.
tab.
14.
Degeer. Ins.
1.
tab.
28.
fig.
18. 19.
Geoffr. Ins.
2. 135.
The larva conceals itself in a kind of cylinder, which it forms by rolling up the edges of the nettle leaves on which it feeds. It is whitish, with a dark dorsal line, head black, and two spots of the same colour on the segment next the head.
FIG. III. PHALAENA LYNCEATA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings white, with two brown transverse bands, and a brown spot near the apex.
PHALAENA LYNCEATA: alis albis: fasciis duabus punctoque apicis fuscis.
Fab. spec. Ins.
2.
p.
262.
n.
129.
Gmel. Linn. Syst.
2478.
This Insect, though very common in our woods, was unknown to Fabricius before his visit to Great Britain; he first described it in the species Insectorum, under the specific name of Lynceata, as an English Insect: it has since appeared in his other publications, and has been inserted by Gmelin in the last Edition of the Systema Naturae.
The Linnean description of P. ocellata coincides so nearly with this Insect, that we may doubt the propriety of separating them: they are probably varieties only of the same Species.
It is very common in June.
PLATE CCCL.
FIG. I. PHALAENA DROMEDARIUS. IRON PROMINENT MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings deflexed, clouded, a large tufted dentation at the posterior margin: base yellowish.
PHALAENA DROMEDARIUS: alis deflexis: anticis nebulosis dorso dentatis: litura baseos anique flavescentibus.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 827. 62.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
1.
p.
444.
sp.
113.
Ammiral.
Ins. tab.
14.
FIG. II. PHALAENA CHRYSOGLOSSA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. First wings somewhat falcated or hooked, greyish, with three streaks, and two kidney-shaped spots in the middle.
PHALAENA CHRYSOGLOSSA: spirilinguis cristata, alis superioribus grifeis subfalcatis strigis tribus albis primoribus abbreviatis.
Linn. Trans. Vol.
2. 1.
p.
6.
One of the rare species of Phalaenae, described by the late Mr. Beckwith in the Linnaean transactions. The larva is remarkably slender, and of a green colour; it was found upon the sallow near Brent-Wood on the 18th of June, went into the earth about a week after, and the Moth was produced on the 24th of July.
FIG. III. PHALAENA RUBRICOLLIS. RED-NECKED MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Blackish, collar crimson: end of the abdomen yellow.
PHALAENA RUBRICOLLIS: atra, collari sanguineo, abdomine flavo.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
2446.
sp.
113.
Schaeff. Icon. t.
59.
f.
8. 9.
This singular creature was found in Coombe Wood in the month of June. The larva is hairy, dark, striped with black, and has a white triangular mark on the head. It feeds on the pine, beech, &c.
PLATE CCCLI.
FIG. I. CICINDELA SYLVATICA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae setaceous. Maxillae or jaws advanced considerably before the head. Eyes prominent. Thorax roundish and margined.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black, a white waved band, and two dots of the same colour on the Wing-cases.
CICINDELA SYLVATICA: nigra, elytris fascia undata punctisque duobus albis.
Linn. Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1922.
sp.
8.
Cicindela atra, coleopteris maculis sex albida fasciaque albis.
Faun. Suec.
1.
n.
549.
Cicindela supra nigra, subtus viridis nitida, &c.
Degeer. Ins.
4.
p.
114.
t.
4.
f.
7.
A very scarce English Insect.
FIG. II. CICINDELA AQUATICA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shining, bronzed, head striated.
CICINDELA AQUATICA: aenea nitida, capite striato.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1925.
sp.
14.—
Fn. Sv.
752.
CICINDELA PUSILLA.
Schreb. Ins.
6.
Buprestis fusco-aeneus.
Geoff. Ins. p.
1.
p.
157.
n.
31.
Extremely common in some moist situations.
PLATE CCCLII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA DIVES. BROCADE MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings brown: base, central spots and broad transverse bar near the exterior end grey; a black line at the base, a bidentated dark line along the apex, and a black mark near the posterior margin.
PHALAENA DIVES: alis fuscis: basi stigmatibus fasciaque postica bidentata cinereis, linea baseos alteraque posteriori nigris.
An undescribed species, known by the English name of Brocade Moth.
FIG. II. PHALAENA TRIMACULA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings cinereous clouded with brown; base, apex and a broad transverse bar across the middle white.
PHALAENA TRIMACULA: alis cinereis nigro-nebulosis: basi pallidiore, fascia lata apiceque albis.
This seems to be no other than the Bombyx trimacula of the Vienna catalogue,
Wien. Verz.
59.
No.
4. and the B. trifascia of Esper,
p.
242.
t.
46.
fig.
1—2; a species unnoticed in the Entomologia Systematica of Fabricius.
This is one of the rare Insects discovered by the late Duchess of Portland.
FIG. III. PHALAENA FLAVICORNIS. YELLOW-HORNED PHALAENA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
First wings greyish tinged with yellow, and marked transversely with three black streaks. Antennae yellow.
PHALAENA FLAVICORNIS: alis primoribus cinereis: strigis tribus atris, antennis luteis.
Fn. Sv.
1204.—
Linn. Syst. Nat. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2575.
sp.
182. —
Fab. spec. Ins.
2.
p.
238.
n.
140.
A scarce Moth, said to feed on fruit-trees.—Cabinet of A. M'Leay, Esq.
PLATE CCCLIII.
FIG. I. LEPTURA NIGRO-LINEATA. BLACK-STREAKED WASP BEETLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae gradually tapering towards the end. Elytra narrower towards the extremity. Thorax round and slender.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black, with a metallic tinge. Wing-cases yellow, with three interrupted longitudinal lines of black.
LEPTURA NIGRO-LINEATA: nigro-aenea elytris flavis: basi lineisque tribus longitudinalibus interruptis nigris
Marsh. Mss.
A very rare and curious species.—In the collection of Mr. Francillon.
FIG. II. LEPTURA SEX-MACULATA. SIX SPOT WASP BEETLE.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black. Wing-cases yellowish, with three black spots connected with the outer margin on each.
LEPTURA SEX-MACULATA: nigra, coleoptris testaceis: maculis sex nigris margine connexus.
Gmel. a Linn. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1871.
sp.
11.
Fab. Sp. Ins.
1.
p.
248.
n.
16.
Leptura testaceo maculata.—
Degeer. Ins.
5.
p.
133.
n.
9.
Uncommon in Great Britain. In our specimen, the anterior black mark on the wing-cases is interrupted, and appears like two distinct spots.
PLATE CCCLIV.
FIG. I. PHALAENA RUNICA. COMMON MERVEILLE DU JOUR MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. First wings greenish with black marks; and a row of triangular spots behind.
PHALAENA RUNICA: cristata alis deflexis: anticis virescentibus, maculis variis atris, postice utrinque punctis trigonis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
102.
sp.
305.
PHALAENA APRILINA.
Linn. Syst. Nat. a Gmel. p.
2561.
sp.
1123.
The two black semicircles on the thorax and double row of triangular spots at the ends of the posterior wings, are mentioned as peculiar characters of this species; the latter is, however, liable to considerable variations, the spots being in general, crowded in a confused series, and forming an irregularly interrupted line. It may be easily distinguished from the Phalaena Aprilina by its superior size, the colours are less vivid, and it is destitute of the broad transverse bar, which is conspicuous on the upper wings of Phalaena Aprilina.
The larva is smooth, of an ash colour with square brownish spots. It feeds on the Oak.
FIG. II. PHALAENA LUSORIA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax crested. Wings incumbent, greyish; a black lunar mark, with a small approximate point in the middle of the first pair, and a triangular spot of the same colour on the anterior part of the thorax.
PHALAENA LUSORIA: cristata alis incumbentibus glaucis: lunula thoraceque antice atris.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 831. 74.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
64.
sp.
179.
Phalaena Lusoria: alis primoribus glaucis: lunula thoraceque anterius ferrugineis.
Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T.
1.
p.
5.
p.
2441.
sp.
74.
From the collection of Mr. Francillon.
PLATE CCCLV.
FIG. I. PHALAENA FRANCILLANA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pale yellow, with two oblique brown streaks across each of the superior wings.
PHALAENA FRANCILLANA: alis pallide flavis: strigis duabus brunneis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
p.
264.
sp.
94.
Fabricius, when in England, named this elegant little nondescript Francillana, in compliment to Mr. Francillon, whose exquisite collection of Insects afforded him such ample assistance in completing his species Insectorum and Entomologia Systematica, and we are happy in the opportunity to perpetuate the name, as a small acknowledgment for the confidential freedom with which its worthy possessor has at all times permitted us to describe and copy whatever our own Cabinet was deficient in.—The specimen is in the collection of Mr. Francillon.
FIG. II. PHALAENA LITTERANA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings rhombic: first pair green, with little elevated tufts and black characters.
PHALAENA LITTERANA: alis rhombeis: anticis viridibus: characteribus atris.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 876. 288.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2.
sp.
271.
Not unlike Phalaena Squamana, figured in a former part of this Work, except in the black characteristic marks on the superior wings.—This is a very rare and beautiful little creature.
FIG. III. PHALAENA CYNOSBANA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings dark brown, white at the tips.
PHALAENA CYNOSBANA: alis anticis fuscis apice albis.
Fab.
PYRALIS CYNOSBANA.
Fab. Ent. Syst.
3.
b.
283. 167.
Tinea Cynosbatella.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
887. 368.—
Fn. Sv.
1397.
Linnaeus, and after him Fabricius, refers to the works of De Geer and Merian for figures of this Insect, neither of which are in our opinion sufficient authorities; that of De Geer is in particular miserable, and so far from leading to ascertain the species, may mislead us as to the identity of its genera. Some years since, this Insect was deemed a nondescript by English collectors, and named in compliment to a much respected
Aurelian
Beckwithiana; but agreeing in every respect with the Linnaean
Cynosbana,
we must unavoidably reject that name, though generally adopted.
It is very common, and according to Linnaeus breeds in the buds of roses.
FIG. IV. PHALAENA EVONYMELLA. WHITE ERMINE MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings white, with about fifty black points.
Tinea, with white upper wings and black points; inferior wings brown. Tinea alis superioribus albis: punctis nigris, inferioribus fuscis.
Geoff. Ins.
2. 183. 4.
PHALAENA EVONYMELLA: alis anticis niveis: punctis 50 nigris.
Linn. Syst. Nat.
2. 885. 350.
Fn. Sv.
1363.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
2. 289. 12.
Linnaeus considered the two species of Ermine Moths, Padella and Evonymella, sufficiently characterised by the number of black spots on the superior wings. To the first he assigns twenty, and to the latter fifty on each wing.
Those who have attended particularly to those species are aware, that the number of spots are by no means constant, and may have frequently observed even more spots on one wing than the other in the same individual, as occurs in the specimen we have figured. This has occasioned some confusion between the two species, and we expressed some doubts respecting them in the description of one of the earliest plates in this work. Since that time we have had more opportunities of ascertaining the two kinds, and have no hesitation in admitting them as two species. Not that the variation in the number of spots will allow us to admit the definition of Linnaeus unconditionally. It may be said that those on the P. Padella are about twenty, and those on the P. Evonymella sometimes amount to fifty or more, and the colour of the superior wings is lighter in the latter than the former.
In admitting this, the name Evonymella adopted in the ninth plate, must be changed to Padella; and the Insect before us be considered as the true Evonymella.
FIG. V. PHALAENA FALCATELLA. TRIANGLE-MARKED LIGHT HOOK-TIP.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings hooked at the apex, whitish, decussated with obscure bars, and a large triangular brown spot on the posterior margin.
PHALAENA FALCATELLA: alis falcatis albis: fasciis obscuris decussatis maculaque magna trigona marginis tenuioris fusca.
Very scarce and undescribed.
PLATE CCCLVI. ELATER FERRUGINEUS. COLEOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae filiform. Palpi four. An elastic spine at the extremity of the thorax on the under side, by means of which it springs up when placed on the back.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Thorax and wing-cases ferruginous. Body and posterior margin of the thorax black.
ELATER FERRUGINEUS: thorace elytrisque ferrugineis, corpore thoraceque margine posteriore nigris.
Linn. a Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1906.
sp.
20.
Scarce. From the collection of Mr. Francillon.
FIG. II. ELATER PECTINICORNIS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Above greenish with a dull metallic gloss. Antennae of the male large and pectinated.
ELATER PECTINICORNIS: thorace elystrisque aeneis, antennis maris pectinatis.
Linn. Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1909.
sp.
32.
The elegant antennae of this Insect is very characteristic. It is not an uncommon species.
PLATE CCCLVII.
FIG. I. PHALAENA BENTLEIANA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Reddish brown, with numerous streaks of a silvery yellow.
PHALAENA BENTLEIANA: alis fusco ferrugineis: strigis punctisque numerosis argenteo-flavis.
As no Insect has yet appeared to record the memory of that indefatigable collector of English Insects, Mr. Bentley, we are induced to assign his name to this beautiful and hitherto nameless Species— It is extremely scarce.
FIG. II. PHALAENA ILICANA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
Anterior wings greyish brown, with brown spots, a solitary black spot in the middle.
PHALAENA ILICANA: alis anticis fusco-cinereis: punctis fuscis; centrali solitario atro.
Fab. Ent. Syst.
3.
b.
266. 100.
Fabricius describes this as an English Insect. It is rare, and not hitherto figured.
FIG. III. PHALAENA BIFASCIANA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings testaceous, with two whitish bands, and four distinct undulated streaks and spots of black.
PHALAENA BIFASCIANA: alis anticis testaceis, fasciis duabus albidis, strigis quatuor undatis maculisque nigris.
A very uncommon Insect, and not noticed by any author.
FIG. IV. PHALAENA LEEANA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings pale, yellowish, with a brown spot in the middle.
PHALAENA LEEANA: alis pallidis: macula centrali fusca.
Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p.
2497.
Fab. Spec. Insect.
2.
p.
276.
n.
2.
Taken in June and July. Not uncommon.
PLATE CCCLVIII.
FIG. I. NECYDALIS HUMERALIS.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae setaceous or filiform. Wing-cases less than the wings, and either narrower or shorter than the abdomen. Tail simple.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wing-cases narrow, and tapering to a point, black, yellow at the base.
NECYDALIS HUMERALIS: elytris nigris basi flavis.—
Fab. spec. Ins.
1.
p.
263.
sp.
5.
NECYDALIS HUMERALIS.—
Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4.
p.
1880.
sp.
18.
Necydalis (muralis) elytris subulatis fusca, humeris flavis, pedibus simplicibus.—
Forst. nov. ins. sp.
1.
p.
48.
n.
48.
A scarce species, described by Fabricius and Gmelin as a native of this country.
FIG. II. NECYDALIS SIMPLEX.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings testaceous. Legs simple.
NECYDALIS SIMPLEX: elytris testaceis, pedibus simplicibus.—
Fab. spec. Ins.
1.
p.
264.
sp.
9.
Gmel. T.
1.
p.
4. 1881. 10.
Cantharis phthysica:
Scop. Ent. Carn.
144.
Suppposed by Gmelin to be a variety of Necydalis podagrariae.
PLATE CCCLIX. PHALAENA TRITOPHUS. ASPEN PROMINENT MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by Night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings deflexed, a prominent tuft or tooth on the posterior margin, brown, clouded; in the middle, a white ring, enclosing a ferruginous lunar mark.
PHALAENA TRITOPHUS: alis deflexis dorso dentatis fusco nebulosis: lunula media ferruginea alba cincta.
Fab. Ent. Syst. T.
3.
p.
1.
p.
448.
sp.
108.
The larva of this fine Insect is green, with a brown head, obtuse tail, and three elevations or gibbosities on the back. It feeds on the
Populo tremulo,
from whence we have deduced its English name of Aspen Prominent Moth.
Phalaena tritophus is extremely scarce in this country.
PLATE CCCLX.
FIG. I. PHALAENA ERICAE. TRANSVERSE-STREAK HEATH MOTH.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae taper from the base. Wings in general deflexed when at rest. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior Wings brown, with two undulated streaks, and spots of white. Posterior wings pale.
PHALAENAE ERICAE: alis anticis fuscis: strigis duabus undatis maculis ordinariis lineolisque albis, posticis pallidis.
A non-descript species of the noctua family, and very rare. Found on heaths.
FIG. II. PHALAENA LINEOLA. SHORT-LINE MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings ferruginous grey, with undulated streaks. A small oblique line in the middle, and a row of brown points along the exterior margin.
PHALAENA LINEOLA: alis anticis griseo-ferrugineis: strigis undatis lineola obliqua in medio punctisque postice fuscis.
More frequent than the preceding species, and seems to be figured in the works of Ernst and Esper, but certainly not described by any systematic author.
The colour varies in different specimens from ferruginous to greyish or livid colour.
FIG. III. PHALAENA MAPPA. MAP-WING SWIFT MOTH.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings brown, with large irregular waved marks of a livid colour, and four distinct white triangular spots near the apex.
PHALAENA MAPPA: alis fuscis: lituris magnis irregularibus lividis punctisque quatuor postice albidis.
A Moth of the
Hepialus,
a new genus in the Fabrician System, including only ten species, neither of which agrees with our Insect, and we apprehend it is not described by any other Author.
In the Linnaean System, this can only be regarded as a family of the Phalaena tribe. The English collectors have denominated this family Swifts, as noticed already in the descriptions of Humuli and Hecta, (plate 274. fig. 1, 2, 3.)—The present Insect may be considered as one of the rarest English undescribed species, and the many windings of the numerous marks on the anterior wings, immediately suggest the appropriate specific name of Mappa.
LINNAEAN INDEX TO VOL. X.
COLEOPTERA.
Ptinus pectinicornis Plate 326
Chrysomela marginella Plate 335
Curculio albinus Plate 348 Fig. 3.
— paraplecticus Plate 348 Fig. 2.
— latirostris Plate 348 Fig. 1.
Leptura sex maculata Plate 353 Fig. 2.
— nigro-lineata Plate 353 Fig. 1.
Necydalis simplex Plate 358 Fig. 2.
— humeralis Plate 358 Fig. 1.
Elater ferrugineus Plate 356 Fig. 1.
— pectinicornis Plate 356 Fig. 2.
Cicindela sylvatica Plate 351 Fig. 1.
—aquatica Plate 351 Fig. 2.
HEMIPTERA.
Blatta Lapponica Plate 352
— Germanica Plate 341
LEPIDOPTERA.
Sphinx Tiliae Plate 325
Phalaena Coryli Plate 309
— Cuculla Plate 338
— Dromedarius Plate 350
— dipsacea Plate 327
— Fagi Plate 328
— rubricollis Plate 350 Fig. 3.
— trimacula Plate 352
— Tritophus Plate 359
— chrysoglossa Plate 350 Fig. 2.
— gemina Plate 347
— Par Plate 338 Fig. 3.
— Aceris Plate 330
— Alni Plate 327 Fig. 2.
— Aprilina Plate 347 Fig. 1.
— runica Plate 354 Fig. 1.
— citrina Plate 340 Fig. 2.
— Delphinii Plate 331
— Dives Plate 352
— Ericae Plate 360 Fig. 1.
— flavago Plate 338
— flavo-cincta Plate 334
— grandis Plate 345 Fig. 1.
— Janthina Plate 343 Fig. 1.
— Lappae Plate 340 Fig. 1.
— clavis Plate 340 Fig. 2.
— leporina Plate 327 Fig. 1.
— lineola Plate 360 Fig. 2.
— Orbona Plate 343 Fig. 2.
— Arbuti Plate 343 Fig. 3.
— pinastri Plate 347 Fig. 2.
— rubago Plate 338 Fig. 2.
— spinula Plate 345
Phalaena consortaria Plate 333 Fig. 2.
— repandaria Plate 331 Fig. 1.
— dolabraria Plate 349 Fig. 1.
— Lichenaria Plate 342 Fig. 1. 1.
— lusoria Plate 354 Fig. 2.
— piniaria Plate 336
— lynceata Plate 349 Fig. 3.
— spartiata Plate 342
— Leeana Plate 357 Fig. 4.
— undulata Plate 342 Fig. 3.
— Urticata Plate 349 Fig. 2.
— purpuralis Plate 339
— sulphuralis Plate 339
— evonymella Plate 355 Fig. 4.
— falcatella Plate 355 Fig. 5.
— Francillana Plate 355 Fig. 1.
— illicana Plate 357 Fig. 2.
— litterana Plate 353
— cynosbana Plate 355 Fig. 3.
— Bentleiana Plate 357 Fig. 1.
— bifasciana Plate 357 Fig. 3.
NEUROPTERA.
Libellula grandis Plate 337 Fig. 2.
— vulgata Plate 337 Fig. 1.
HYMENOPTERA.
Plate Ichneumon appendigaster Fig. 329
DIPTERA.
Musca, grossa Plate 346 Fig. 1.
— bicincta Plate 346 Fig. 2.
— scybalaria Plate 346 Fig. 5.
— noctiluca Plate 346 Fig. 4.
— vibrans Plate 346 Fig. 3.
APTERA.
Plate Julus complanatus Fig. 344
ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. X.
Aceris, Phalaena, Sycamore Moth Plate 330
albinus, Curculio Plate 348 Fig. 3.
Alni, Phalaena Plate 327 Fig. 2.
appendigaster, Ichneumon Plate 329
Aprilina, Phalaena, Scarce Merveille du jour Moth Plate 347 Fig. 1.
aquaticus, Cicindela Plate 351 Fig. 2.
Arbuti, Phalaena, Plate 343
Bentleiana, Phalaena Plate 357 Fig. 1.
bicincta, Musca Plate 346 Fig. 2.
bifasciana, Phalaena Plate 357 Fig. 3.
chrysoglossa, Phalaena Plate 350 Fig. 2.
citrina, Phalaena Plate 340 Fig. 2.
clavis, Phalaena Plate 340 Fig. 3.
complanatus, Julus Plate 344
consortaria, Phalaena Plate 333 Fig. 2.
coryli, Phalaena, Nut Tussock Moth Plate 309
cuculla, Phalaena, Maple Prominent Moth Plate 338
Cynosbana, Phalaena Plate 355 Fig. 3.
Delphinii, Phalaena, Pease-blossom Moth Plate 331
Dives, Phalaena, Brocade Moth Plate 352
Dromedarius, Phalaena, Iron Prominent Moth Plate 350
dipsacea, Phalaena Plate 327 Fig. 3.
dolabraria, Phalaena Plate 349 Fig. 1.
Ericae, Phalaena Plate 360 Fig. 1.
erythropterus, Staphilinus Plate 308
evonymella, Phalaena Plate 355 Fig. 4.
Fagi, Phalaena, Lobster Moth Plate 328
falcatella, Phalaena Plate 355 Fig. 5.
ferrugineus, Elater Plate 356 Fig. 1.
flavago, Phalaena Plate 338
flavo-cincta, Phalaena Plate 334
Francillana, Phalaena Plate 355 Fig. 1.
Germanica, Blatta Plate 341
gemina, Phalaena, Twin-spots Moth Plate 347
grandis, Libellula Plate 337 Fig. 2.
grandis, Phalaena, Grey arches Moth Plate 345 Fig. 1.
grossa, Musca, Great Black Fly Plate 346
humeralis Necydalis Plate 358 Fig. 2.
illicana, Phalaena Plate 357 Fig. 2.
Janthina, Phalaena Plate 343 Fig. 1.
Lappae, Phalaena Plate 340 Fig. 1.
Lapponica, Blatta Plate 332 Fig. 1.
latirostris, Curculio Plate 348 Fig. 1.
leporina, Phalaena Plate 327 Fig. 1.
lineola, Phalaena Plate 360 Fig. 2.
lichenaria, Phalaena Plate 342 Fig. 4.
litterana, Phalaena, lettered Button Moth Plate 353
lusoria, Phalaena Plate 354 Fig. 2.
lynceata Phalaena Plate 349 Fig. 3.
Mappa, Phalaena, Map Swift Plate 360 Fig. 3.
marginella, Chrysomela Moth Plate 335
nigro-lineata, Leptura Plate 353 Fig. 1.
noctiluca Musca Plate 346 Fig. 4.
orbona, Phalaena Plate 343 Fig. 2.
Par, Phalaena, Kitten-likeness Plate 338 Fig. 3.
paraplecticus, Curculio Plate 348 Fig. 3.
pectinicornis, Elater Plate 356 Fig. 2.
pectinicornis, Ptinus Plate 326
piniaria, Phalaena Plate 336
pinastri, Phalaena Plate 347 Fig. 2.
purpuralis, Phalaena Plate 339
repandaria, Phalaena Plate 333 Fig. 1.
rubago, Phalaena Plate 338 Fig. 2.
rubricollis, Phalaena Plate 350 Fig. 3.
runica Phalaena Plate 354 Fig. 1.
scybalaria, Musca Plate 346 Fig. 5.
sex-maculata, Leptura Plate 353 Fig. 2.
simplex, Necydalis Plate 358 Fig. 1.
spartiata, Phalaena Plate 342 Fig. 2.
spinula, Phalaena Plate 345
sulphuralis, Phalaena Plate 339 Fig. 1.
sylvatica, Cicindela Plate 351 Fig. 1.
Tiliae, Sphinx, Lime Sphinx Plate 325
trimacula, Phalaena Plate 352
Tritophus, Phalaena Plate 359
vibrans, Musca Plate 346 Fig. 1.
vulgata, Libellula vulgata Plate 337 Fig. 1.
undulata, Phalaena, Scallop Shell Moth Plate 342 Fig. 3.
Urticata, Phalaena Plate 349 Fig. 2.
FINIS.
Printed by Bye and Law, St. John's-Square, Clerkenwell.