AN ENGLISH ALPHABET, For the Use of FOREIGNERS: WHEREIN THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE
VOWELS, or VOICE-LETTERS,
IS EXPLAINED IN Twelve short general Rules,
With their several Exceptions,
AS ABRIDGED (For the INSTRUCTION of OMAI) From a larger Work.
LONDON: Printed by J. W. GALABIN, INGRAM-COURT, for B. WHITE, Fleet-Street, and C. DILLY, Poultry. M.DCC.LXXXVI.
VOICE Letters, or Vowels,
A, E, I, O, U, and Y.
A
sounds like the French
e
in
bête,
as in
ca-ble, fa-ble, sa-ble, ba-ker, ha-ven, la-dy, ma-ker.
E
like the French
i
in
mille,
as in
be, he e-vil, le-gal, &c.
I.
The English sound of
i
must be acquired by ear or imitation.
O
like the French
o,
or
au,
as in
go, so, no lo-cal mo-ment,
&c.
U
like
ew
in
few, pew,
&c. as in
du-ty fu-ry hu-man,
&c.
Y,
when a vowel, like the English
i,
as in
buy, guy, (
wherein
u
is mute,
) dry, fry, my, dye,
&c. in dissyllables accented on the last syllable, as
ally, comply, deny, &c.
and in all words compounded with the Latin word
fio,
as
deify, magnify, specify,
&c.
Double Voice-Letters,
called
Diphthongs.
Au
and
aw
like the foreign
a,
as in
maul, paul, sprawl, law, saw, paw.
See Rule IV.
Oi
and
oy,
as in
oil, boil, boy.
See Rule V.
Oo
like the French
ou,
as in
boot, broom, loop, poor.
See Rule VI.
Ou, ow,
as in
bound, crown.
See Rule VII.
Improper Diphthongs,
wherein only one of the vowels are sounded.
Ai, ay,
and
ey,
like the English
a,
or French
ai,
as
ai
in
Bail, dainty, gain, nail, sail, Ay
in
may, pray, say, way. Ey
in
prey, grey, they, whey, convey, obey, survey.
See Rule VIII.
Ae, ea, ee, ei, ie,
and
oe,
like the English
e,
or foreign
i,
as
ae aether, ea
in
pea, sea. Ee
in
eel, deep, feet, meet, steep. Ei
in
ceiling, seize, receive. Ie
in
shield, grieve, grief, reprieve, Oe
in
foetus, subpoena,
&c. except in the end of a word
ie
is like
i,
as in
die, lie,
and
oe
is like
o,
as in
foe, hoe, toe.
See Rule IX. and its exceptions.
Eu, ew,
and
iew,
like a single
u
long, as in
Europe, dew, view.
See Rule X.
Oa
like
o
long, as in
boat, coat, grown, moan,
&c. See Rule XI.
Ue
like a short
e,
as in
guess, guest.
See Rule XII.
Ui
like a short
i,
as in
build, guild.
See Rule XII.
A TABLE of VOWELS, DIPHTHONGS and TERMINATIONS, the
English sound
of which cannot be easily expressed in
foreign
letters, and should therefore be learned by ear, viz.
I
long,
There are two ways of sounding the long i and y, (though both long,) the one a little different from the other, and requiring a little extension of the mouth, as may be seen by comparing the following words, viz.
I
and
aye, high
and
high-ho, by't
(for
by it
) and
bite, sigh'd
and
side, strive
and
strife,
&c but this difference, being so nice, is not to be attained but by much practice, neither is it very material.
as in
bible, mitre, nitre, pirate.
O
and
u
short, before a consonant in the same syllable, as in
odd, nod, lord,
&c. and in
mud, strut, stun, urn,
&c.
Oi
and
oy,
which have both the same sound, as in
oil, boil, coil, boy, coy, hoy,
&c.
Ou
and
ow (
not like the French
ou,
in the pronunciation of which the lips are almost closed, but) with an open articulation, as in
pound, our, gown, power.
Also the following terminations, viz.
-ire,
-tion
-cious
-tious
as in
dire, fire, salvation, delicious, fictitious,
&c.
English Alphabet.
A a
like
ai, ay, ey,
or the French
ê.
B b Ba, Be, Bi, Bo, Bu.
C c
like
K
before
a, o, u,—ca, co, cu.
C c
like
S
before
e, i, y,—ce, ci, cy.
D d Da, De, Di, Do, Du, Dy.
E e
like
ae, ea, ee,
or the foreign
i.
F f
like
Ph,
or Greek
Φ, Fa, Fe, Fi, Fo, Fu, Fy.
G g
like
gh,
or Greek
Γ,
before
a, o,
and
u,
as
Ga, Go, Gu,
G g
like
g
soft, or
j,
before
e, i,
and
y,
as
Ge, Gi, Gy,
except a few words; viz.
geese, gewgaw, geld, gelt, get,
(with its compounds,)
gibberish, gibbous, giddy, gift, gig, giggle, gild, girl, give, forgive, gilt, gimblet, gimp, gird, girt, girdle, begin, gizzard, Gideon, Gibbons, Gilbert, Gilpin.
H h Ha, He, Hi, Ho, Hu, Hy,
but is mute in a few words; as
hour, honour, honest, heir, herb, humour, hostler, thyme, John, Thomas, Thomasin,
and
Thames.
Also in Greek words, when preceded by
r,
as
rheum, rhyme, rhetoric, myrrh, &c.
and lastly at the end of words, as
ah, hah, Isaiah, Sarah,
&c.
I i
English, or long, like the Greek
,
or something like the French
i
before
n
in
prince.
J j
consonant like
g
soft,
Ja, Je, Ji, Jo, Ju, Jy.
K k Ka, Ke, Ki, Ko, Ku, Ky.
L l La, Le, Li, Lo, Lu, Ly.
M m Ma, Me, Mi, Mo, Mu, My.
N n Na, Ne, Ni, No, Nu, Ny.
O o
long, like the foreign
o.
P p Pa, Pe, Pi, Po, Pu, Py.
Q q Qua, Que, Qui, Quo, Qu, Quy.
R r Ra, Re, Ri, Ro, Ru, Ry.
S s Sa, Se, Si, So, Su, Sy.
T t Ta, Te, Ti, To, Tu, Ty.
U u
like
ew
in
dew, few, new, &c.
V v
consonant,
Va, Ve, Vi, Vo, Vu, Vy.
W w Wa, We, Wi, Wo, Wu, Wy.
X x Xa, Xe, Xi, Xo, Xu, Xy.
Y y Ya, Ye, Yi, Yo, Yu.
Z z Za, Ze, Zi, Zo, Zu, Zy.
Ch Cha, Che, Chi, Cho, Chu, Chy,
except in words derived from the Greek tongue, wherein it sounds like
c
hard or
k.
Ph
like
f, Pha, Phe, Phi, Pho, Phu, Phy.
Sh Sha, She, Shi, Sho, Shu, Shy.
Th
sometimes like Greek
Θ,
(or hard,) as in
thank, think, thigh,
&c. and sometimes like
dth,
(or soft,) as in
thou, they, that, this, though,
or
tho', thus, thence.
Wh Wha, Whe, Whi, Who, Whu, Why.
RULE I.
RULE II.
RULE III.
The vowels, or voice-letters, when alone, have the English or long sound, as
But, before a consonant in the same syllable,
When
e
is placed at the end of
a
syllable, the preceding voice-letter retains the English sound, as
a
and also when they are at the end of a syllable, and are joined to a preceding consonant, as
Ba
a
has a short sound of
aw,
as
ab.
abe
in
babe
e
and also when they are at the end of a syllable, and are joined to a preceding consonant, as
Be
e
has a short sound of
a,
as
eb.
ebe—glebe
i
and also when they are at the end of a syllable, and are joined to a preceding consonant, as
Bi
i
has a short sound of
e,
as
ib.
ibe—tribe
o
and also when they are at the end of a syllable, and are joined to a preceding consonant, as
Bo
o
is short as in
ob.
obe—robe
u
and also when they are at the end of a syllable, and are joined to a preceding consonant, as
Bu
u
is short as in
ub.
ube—tube
y
and also when they are at the end of a syllable, and are joined to a preceding consonant, as
By
The short sound of
o
and
u must be acquired by ear.
 
A
At
Ate
Ba
Bat
Bate
Ba
Bar
Bare
Ca
Cat
Cate
Ca
Cap
Cape
Ca
Can
Cane
Ca
Cag
Cage
Be
Bed
Bede
(a name)
Bi
Bid
Abide
Bi
Bit
Bite
Bo
Bon, bon-fire
Bone
Da
Dam
Dame
Di
Din
Dine
Do
Dot
Dote
Fa
Fat
Fate
Fi
Fill
File
Ga
Gat
Gate
Ha
Hat
Hate
Ho
Hop
Hope
Hi
Hid
Hide
Ki
Kit
Kite
La
Lad
Lade
Ma
Mad
Made
Ma
Mar
Mare
Ma
Mat
Mate
Mi
Mill
Mile
No
Not
Note
O
Odd
Ode
Pi
Pin
Pine
Ra
Rat
Rate
Ri
Rid
Ride
Ri
Rip
Ripe
Ro
Rob
Robe
Ru
Rud
(colour)
Rude
Si
Sir
Sire
Sni
Snip
Snipe
Slo
Slop
Slope
Spi
Spit
Spite
Sta
Star
Stare
Sti
Still
Stile
Stri
Strik-en
Strike
Ta
Tap
Tape
To
Top
Tope
Tu
Tun
Tune
Va
Van
Vane
Wa
Wan
Wane
Wa
Wad
Wade
Wa
War
Ware
Wi
Will
Wile
Whi
Whin
Whine
Chi
Chin
Chine
Shi
Shin
Shine
Thi
Thin (Th hard)
Thine (Th soft)
(EXCEPTIONS to RULE I.)
Particular exceptions concerning
a
at the end of a syllable.
A
is like the French
a,
or English diphthong
aw,
in
wa-ter;
it has a medium-sund between
aw
and the English
a
in
fa-ther,
and the last syllable of
pa-pa, mam-ma;
and it sounds like a short
e,
or foreign
é,
in
a-ny
and
ma-ny.
Particular exceptions concerning
i.
I
sounds like the English
e,
or foreign
i,
in
ac-qui-esce, bi-er, pi-er, ti-er.
General exceptions concerning
i.
I
is pronounced short before another vowel in the termination of all words of more than two syllables when it is not radical; as in
a′-mi-a-ble, de-mo-ni-ac′, ca′r-ri-age, so′-ci-al, Wi′l-li-am, Sty′g-i-an, da′l-li-ance, va′l-i-ant, Span′-i-ard, a′-pi-ary, so′-ci-al, in-sid-ia′-tor, al-le-vi-a′-tion, ma′r-ri-ed, a′-li-en, co′n-sci-ence, am′-bi-ent, gla′-si-er, spe′-ci-es, se-rag′-li-o, ax′-i-om, pos-te′-ri-or, wa′r-ri-our, con′-sci-ous, i′d-i-ot, pre′-mi-um,
&c. But, in the proper names
Mari′-a
and
So-phi′-a,
when given to English women, it is pronounced according to rule. Also in
af-fi-ance,
and the derivatives from the dissyables ending in
y,
which are mentioned in the example; as
al-li′-ance, com-pli′-ance, de-ni′-al, de-fi′-ance,
and
re-li′-ance,
wherein the
i
When
i
is substituted for
y,
in the terminations of derivatives, it retains the sound of the
y
in the original word, whether long or short; therefore
i
is short in
cā r-ri-er, cā r-rĭ-ed,
and
cā rrĭ-es;
and is like the
y
in the primitive words before specified in
al-li ance, de-ni al, digni-fied, im-plies,
&c.
retains the sound of the
y
in the original words, and is accented accordingly.
Particular exceptions concerning
o.
O
is like
oo
in
do,
(and its compounds,)
to,
and
who,
though the latter
(who)
is pronounced according to the rule in the northern parts of England.
U
is like the English
ou
(hereafter explained) in the first syllable of
cu-cumber.
General exception concerning
y.
Y,
at the end of all words of two or more syllables, (except those mentioned in the example,) is pronounced like a short
i,
as in
carry, envy, commissary,
&c. the accent being laid on one of the former syllables.
A Repetition
of
RULE II.
respecting
Vowels,
or
Voice-Letters,
in syllables ending with a consonant.
The
vowels
are pronounced short in all syllables ending with a consonant, (except in the particular cases hereafter noted,) and the three first vowels have the foreign articulation, without any other material difference except that of being pronounced short.
EXAMPLES.
A
has a short articulation of the English
aw,
or rather of the Italian
a,
as in
add, bad, lad, mad,
&c.
E
has exactly the sound of the Italian or French
é,
as in
bed, fed, led, red,
&c.
I
has a short articulation of the French
i
or English
e,
as in
bid, did, hid, kid,
&c.
The short sound of the two other vowels (viz.
o
and
u
) must be acquired by ear, (see page 5,) as in
odd, got, not, rob,
&c. and in
mud, grub, strut, stun,
&c.
EXCEPTIONS to RULE II.
Particular exceptions concerning
a
before a consonant.
A
is like the French
ai
in
a′n-gel, bass, cám-brick, Cám-bridge, da′n-ger,
and
mán-ger.
It has a medium sound between
aw
and the English
a
in
han't,
(for
have not,) más-ter,
and
plás-ter,;
and is like
aw
in
hal-ser,
(wherein
l
is mute,)
false,
and
pal-sy.
General exceptions concerning
a
before a consonant.
A
has the sound of
aw
likewise before
ld
and
lt,
as in
bald, cal-dron, al-tar,
&c. in all primitive monosyllables ending in
ll,
(except
shall
and
mall,
which are pronounced according to rule,) as in
all, gall, fall,
&c. and before
lk,
(wherein
l
is mute,) as
balk, stalk, walk, talk,
&c. but, before
lf, lm, lve,
and before
nd
in words derived from the Latin word
mando,
it is sounded like the Italian
a,
only somewhat shorter, as in
half, calm, salve, command, demand,
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
e
before a consonant.
E
is like a short
i
in
England, pretty, yes,
and
yet,
and like a short
a
in
yel-low.
General exception concerning
e
before
s.
E
is long before
s
in the ultimate of plural nouns, and third persons singular of verbs when preceded by
c, s, z,
or
g,
as in
fá-ces,
S
final in these cases is always pronounced like
z.
hór-ses, as-sí-zes, rá-ges,
&c. but, in all other terminations with silent
e,
(except in Latin words,) the
es
may be sounded in the same syllable, as
bride, brides; ride, rides; name, names;
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
i
before a consonant.
I
retains its English or long sound in
blithe, endict
and
indict,
(wherein
c
is mute,)
mild, pint,
and
wild;
also in
child
and
Christ,
but not in their derivatives,
children, christen,
and
Christian.
General exceptions concerning
i
before a consonant.
I
is long in all primitive words (and their compounds and derivatives) ending in
nd,
as
bind, rind, wind,
&c. though in
wind,
the substantive, and its compounds, it is sometimes pronounced short.
It is also long before
gh,
as in
high, nigh, light, &c.
in which
gh
is mute, having no other use than that of lengthening the
i.
It is long also before
gn
at the end of a word, and the
g
is mute, as in
be-nign, sign,
and its compounds
consign, design, &c.
and their derivatives in
-er, -ed, -edly,
and
-ment,
but no others; for in
re-sig-na-tion, consig-na-tion, sig-ni-fied, &c.
the
i
is short according to rule, and the
g
is pronounced.
General exceptions concerning
o
before a consonant.
O
retains its long sound in all words ending in
ld
and
lt,
as
behóld, bold, cold, bolt, colt,
&c. and in all their compounds and derivatives.
Particular exceptions of
o
before a consonant.
O
is long in
boll, bolster, comb, (
wherein
b
is mute,
) control, droll, folk, (
wherein
l
is mute,
) force, fort, ghost, gross, holster, host, most, only, post, poll, pat-roll, port, roll, scroll, sloth, sport,
and
sword, (
wherein
w
is mute,
) stroll, toll,
and
troll,
and in their compounds, &c. But in
compt
and its compounds,
ac-compt,
&c. it sounds like the English diphthong
ou,
as if spelt
count, account,
&c.
O
has the sound of a short
u
In the dialects of Lancashire, and some other places, the
o
is pronounced according to rule in many of these words.
in
af-frónt, at-tór-ney, bomb, bór-age, bó-rough, bró-ther, co-lour, cóm-fits, cóm-fort, cóm-pany, cóm-pass, cón-duit, cón-ey, cón-sta-ble, cóz-en, cóv-e-nant, cóv-er, cóv-et, cóv-ey, dis-cóm-fit, dóz-en, góv-ern, hón-ey, Lón-don, Món-day, món-ey, monk, món-key, món-ger, món-grel, month, móth-er, ón-ion, óth-er, óv-en, póm-mel, póth-er, róm-age, ront, son, shóv-el, slóv-en, smóth-er, ton, thó-rough-ly, won, wón-der, word, world, work, worm, wór-sted, worth, wóm-an, (
in the singular only, the plural being pronounced as if spelt
wím-men,) wór-ry, wort, wór-ship,
and their compounds, &c. except
diÓs;-cov-er
and
re-cóv-er,
which are pronounced according to rule.
O
is sounded like
oo
in
tomb
and
womb, (
wherein
b
is silent,
) lo-ser, gold, whom,
and
whose;
In the northern parts of England, the words
gold, who, whom,
and
whose,
are pronounced properly as they are spelt.
and is mute in
jeóp-ar-dy, leó-pard,
and
peó-ple,
which are pronounced as if written
jép-par-dy, lép-pard, pée-ple.
Particular exceptions of
u
before a consonant.
U
is like a short
i
in
bu-sy,
and its compounds, &c. and the
s
like
z.
Repetition of RULE III. relating to VOWELS in syllables ending with silent
e.
When
e
or
ue
follow a consonant in the same syllable, the preceding vowel retains its original open, or long, sound.
Examples.
Ace, face, re-céde, dice, vote, con-fúte, vague, vogue, col-légue,
&c. Also
ad-více, de-více, en-tíce, suf-fíce, sac-ri-fíce, a-líve, con-níve, con-tríve, de-prive, de-ríve, re-víve,
and
sur-víve,
which are accented on the last syllable.
N. B.
Derivatives from words ending in
e
for the most part retain their original sound, even when the
e
is omitted, as
spar-ing, -ed,
from
spare; wast-er, -ing, -ed,
from
waste; rang-er, -ing, -ed,
from
range; &c.
The vowel
a
is long, even before
two consonants,
when they are followed by
e
in the same syllable, (except before
-nce,)
as in
ache, haste, waste, change, grange, range, &c.
and their compounds and derivatives.
EXCEPTIONS to RULE III.
General exceptions.
The four vowels,
e, i, o, u,
are sounded short before two consonants, as in
fringe, re-venge, solve, serve, tinge, sludge, grudge,
&c.
Words having the accent on the penultima
Last syllable but one.
or antepenultima;
Last syllable but two.
in all which the last syllable, being short, is pronounced as if the
e
and
ue
final were absent, as in
cál-a-mine, Cáth-a-rine, cát-a-logue, déc-a-logue, de-pós-ite, dés-tine, de-tér-mine, dis-frán-chise, dóc-trine, én-gine, ép-i-logue, éx-qui-site, grán-ite, har-ángue, fín-ite,
and its compounds,
már-it-ime, méd-i-cine, mín-ute, (
not the adjective for
small,) mor-tise, péd-a-gogue, prác-tise,
(verb,)
pró-logue, pró-mise, sap-phire, sy′n-a-gogue, tréa-tise,
and
u-rine.
Particular exceptions.
The following monosyllables are likewise pronounced as if
e
final were absent, viz.
dare,
(the verb,)
give, gone, have, live,
and
one.
One
is pronounced as if spelt
w
n.
There, were,
and
where,
are pronounced as if spelt with the diphthong
ai, thair, wair, and whair;
but in all other words (except what are mentioned above) the vowels
a, e, i,
or
y,
when they come before
re
When a consonant comes before
re
and
le
final, the
e
is never sounded last, but always before the last consonant of the word, as in
a-cre, mi-tre, hum-ble,
&c. which are sounded
a ker, mi-ter, hum-bel ,
&c.
final, are sounded long according to the third rule, as in
are, care, here, mere, desire, fire, lyre,
&c. as if spelt
air, cair, heer, meer, desier,
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
i
in syllables ending with silent
e.
I
is sounded like
ee
in
writhe
and
o-blige,
though in the northern parts of England the latter is sounded according to rule.
General exceptions concerning
i
in syllables ending with silent
e.
I
in all adjectives of more than one syllable ending in
ile,
and in all words (except those mentioned in the above example) ending in
ice
and
ive,
is pronounced short, as in
sér-vile, jú-ven-ile, ca-príce, mál-ice, én-dive, pós-it-ive, &c.
Particular exceptions concerning
o
in syllables ending in silent
e.
O
like a short
u
in
a-bóve, come, cóme-ly, done, dove, glove, love, póre-blind, some, shove, sponge, tongue, worse,
and in the termination
-dom;
and like
oo
in
lose, move, prove,
and
Rome.
Of PROPER DIPHTHONGS.
Proper diphthongs have sounds of their own, different from the long and short sounds of the English vowels.
RULE IV.
Au
and
aw
like the French
a
in
ame,
as in
maul, paul, sprawl, law, saw, paw, &c.
Particular exceptions.
Au
is like a long
o
in
auf
(more commonly spelt
oaf
) and
hautboy,
like a short
o
in
cauliflower,
and like the English
a
long in
gauge.
RULE V.
Oi
and
oy.
The proper articulation of these diphthongs is that which is given them in the English words
oil, boil, coy, hoy, &c. (See list of vowels, diphthongs, &c. which cannot be expressed in foreign letters, page 5.)
Oi
is sounded like short
u
in
tor-toise.
RULE VI.
Oo
is like the French
ou
in
bout,
as in
boot, broom, loop, moor, poor, &c.
Particular exceptions.
Oo
is not pronounced so full, but partakes a little of the sound of a short
u
in
blood, flood, foot, good, hood, stood, soot, wood,
and
wool. Oo
has the sound of
o
long in
door
and
floor.
Door
and
floor
are pronounced by the vulgar in the northern parts of England as they are spelt, for they give the
oor,
in these words, the same sound that it has in
, moor, poor,
&c.
RULE VII.
Ou, ow.
The proper pronunciation of these diphthongs is that which is given them in the English words
bound, found, crown, cow, flower, sow,
(noun,)
coward, &c.
For a more particular account see page 4.
Particular exceptions concerning
ou.
Ou
is like a short
u
in
bouge, boúg-et, (
commonly written
budge
and
budget,) bór-ough, coún-try, coú-ple, coúr-age, coús-in, doú-ble, doúb-let, joúr-nal, joúr-ney, mounch, noúr-rish, thór-oughly, thór-ough-fare, troú-ble, touch, scourge,
Ou in
scourge
is sometimes like a long.
shou'd, cou'd,
and
wou'd;
also in
enough, rough, slough,
(when it signifies the part which separates from a sore,) and
tough,
in all which the
gh
final sounds like
f;
but
ou
is like a short
o
in
cough, lough, (
or
lake,)
and
trough,
as if spelt
coff, loff,
and
troff. Ou
is like
o
long in
coul-ter, course, (
and its compounds
dis-course,
&c.
) court, dough, four, fur-lough, gourd, mourn, mould, moult, poult, poul-try, poul-ter-er, poul-tice, shoul-der, soul, though;
and like
oo
in
bouse, ca-rouse, gouge, through,
and
un-couth.
General exceptions concerning
ou.
Ou
before
ght,
which has a medium-sound between
aw
and
o
long, as in
ought, bought, thought,
&c. and in the termination of words of more than one syllable, in
-our
and
-ous,
it sounds like a short
u,
as in
ho-nour, sa-viour, pi-ous, righ-teous,
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
ow.
Ow
sounds like
o
long in
bow
when it signifies a weapon or segment of a circle; (but in the verb
bow
it is pronounced according to rule.) It is like
o
long also in
bowl,
(or
bason,
but not in
bowl
the verb, nor its derivatives, &c.)
blow, crow, flow, flown,
(from
fly,) glow, grow, know, low, mow, owe, own, prow, prowl, row, sow,
(the verb,)
show, slow, snow, strow, stow, tow,
(noun and verb,)
trow,
and
throw,
and their derivatives.
General exception concerning
ow.
Ow
final, in words of more than one syllable, is like a short
o,
the
w
being mute; as in
bár-row, bél-low, fól-low,
&c. Three words are independent of this exception, viz.
al-low,
wherein
ow
is pronounced according to the rule, and
be-low
and
bestow,
wherein it sounds like
o
long.
N. B.
Many of the words contained in the above exceptions are pronounced in the broad dialects of the northern parts of England as they are spelt; that is,
ou
and
ow
are pronounced according to the 7th rule, as in
bound, cow,
&c. viz.
trough,
(making
gh
silent,)
four, mould, moult, poultry, poultice, shoulder, bowl,
(or
bason,
)
glow, grow, mow, owe, own, strow, trow, ought, bought,
&c.
Of improper Diphthongs.
Improper diphthongs take the sound of but one of their vowels, the other being mute.
RULE VIII.
Ai, ay,
and
ey,
are like the French
ai,
or English
a
long, as
ai
in
dainty, bail, gain, day, may, grey, prey, convey, obey, survey, bey, dey,
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
ai.
Ai
is like a short
e
in
vil-lain
and
mur-rain,
and sometimes in
said.
General exceptions concerning
ai.
Ai
when alone, or at the end of a syllable, is like the Greek
, or
English i long,
as in
A-chai-a,
and the Hebrew names
Ben-ái-ah, Is-ái-ah, Mi-cái-ah, Cái-a-phas, &c.
Particular exceptions concerning
ey.
Ey
is like the English
i
in
hey!
and
hey-day!
and like the English
e
or French
i
in
Ceylon, key,
and
Seymour.
General exceptions concerning
ey.
Ey,
at the end of words of more than one syllable, (when the accent is placed on a former syllable,) is like a short
i,
as in
ál-ley, at-tór-ney, bár-ley, gál-ley, hón-ey,
&c.
RULE IX.
Ae, ea, ee, ei, ie,
and
oe,
are like the French
i
in
fille,
or the English
e
long, as in
daemon, (
or
demon,) beat, dear, lead,
and
read,
(verbs,)
meet, feet, re-ceipt, de-ceit, de-ceive, ceil-ing, seign-o-ry, seize, shield, re-prieve, grief, foe-tus, sub-poena,
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
ea.
Ea
is like the French
é
in
bread, breakfast, breast, breath,
(noun only,)
cleanly,
and
cleanse, (
not in
clean,) dead, deaf, death, dread, en-déa-vour, féa-ther, héav-en, héav-y, jéal-ous, léav-en, lead,
(metal,)
léath-er, méa-sure, mis-téach, péas-ant, phéas-ant, pléas-ure, péas-cod, réad-y, realm, read,
(only in the preter tense and participle passive,)
stéad-y, in-stéad, spread, sweat, teat, thread, thréat-en, tréach-e-ry, tread, tréa-sure, wéa-ther, wéap-on, wreak, zéa-lous, zéal-ot, (
not in
zeal,) yeast,
and their compounds and derivatives not already excepted. But like the French diphthong
ai
in
bear,
In the northern parts of England,
break
and
great
are pronounced according to rule.
break, great, swear, tear,
(the verb,)
wear, wheal,
and
weal, (
the mark of a stripe, but not in
weal
for prosperity,) and like a short
a
in
heark-en, hearth,
and
heart.
General exceptions concerning
ea.
But in all other words before
r,
when another consonant follows in the same syllable, it is sounded like
er
or
ir,
as in
dearth, earl, earn, earn-est, earl-y, earth, hearse, heard, learn,
&c.
Ea
before three consonants in the same syllable is like the French
é,
as in
health, breadth, wealth,
&c.
Particular exceptions concerning
ee.
Ee
is like a short
i
in
breech,
(noun and verb,)
breechings,
and
breeches.
Particular exceptions concerning
ei.
Ei
is like the long English
i
in
sleight, (artifice,)
but is like a short
i
in
fór-feit
and
súr-feit;
like a short
e
in
fo-reign
and
hei-fer;
and like the diphthong
ai
in
hei-nous, heir, lei-sure,
(though sometimes like a short
e
in
lei-sure,) skein, their, veil,
and
vein.
General exceptions concerning
ei.
Ei
is like the long English
i
when it is not followed by a consonant in the same syllable; as in
Pleï-a-des, Hei-del-berg, Hei-den-heym, Rei-gate,
&c. but in
ei-ther
and
nei-ther
it is sometimes like the English
a
long, and sometimes according to rule, like the English
e
long.
Ei
is like the English
a
in all words wherein it precedes
-gh, gn,
and
-nt,
in the same syllable, as
weigh, freight, deign, feign,
&c. (in all which
g
is mute,)
feint, teint,
&c. except in three words mentioned above,
sleight, seignory,
and
foreign.
Particular exceptions concerning
ie.
Ie
is like a short
e
in
friend,
and like a short
i
in
sieve.
General exceptions concerning
ie
and
oe.
Ie
and
oe
at the end of a word are always like the first vowel in each diphthong, viz.
ie
like
i
long, and
oe
like
o
long, as in
die, foe,
&c. except in two words,
shoe
and
canoe,
wherein
oe
is commonly like
oo.
N. B.
The same is to be observed of the diphthong
ue
and
ye
at the end of a word; the former being like a long
u,
and the latter like a long
i,
as in
due, pye,
&c. the same likewise when
s
is added to make the plural nouns or third person singular of verbs, as
dies, foes, dues, pies,
&c. and the
s
so added is pronounced like z.
RULE X.
Eu, ew,
and
iew,
like a single
u
long,
Eau in
beauty
(and its derivatives) has likewise the same sound.
as in
Eu-rope, eu-nuch, brew, dew, view,
&c.
Except
ew
in
sew,
which is commonly sounded like a long
o.
RULE XI.
Oa
is pronounced like
o
long, as in
boat, coat, grown, moan,
&c.
Except in
broad, a-broad,
and
groat,
wherein it partakes a little of the sound of
aw;
and like
ai
in
goal,
(for
gaol,
) and the
g
is pronounced soft, as if spelt
jail.
RULE XII.
Ue
and
ui,
before a consonant in the same syllable, have the short sound of the last vowel in each diphthong; viz.
ue
like a short
e,
as in
guess, guest,
&c. and
ui
like a short
i,
as in
build, guild, conduit,
&c. but in words ending with silent
e,
the diphthong
ui
is pronounced like the English
i
long, according to the third rule, as in
guide, guile, disguise,
&c.
Particular exceptions.
In the following words, the
u
alone is pronounced, viz.
bruise, cruise, fruit, juice, nui-sance, pur-suit, re-cruit, sluice, suit,
and
suit-or,
which are sounded as if spelt
bruze, cruze, nu-sance,
&c.
N. B.
When
ua, ue, ui,
and
uo,
follow
q
in the same syllable, the
u
has the power of
w,
which power cannot more easily be expressed to foreigners than by comparing it to the sound of
u
in the French word
quoi!
or
quoy!
as in
quar-rel, quack, ques-tion, quick, quite, quit, quote,
&c.
A TABLE of words, which are independent of the foregoing Rules and Exceptions, with the common Pronunciation expressed in Italics.
BUOY,
boey;
victuals,
vittles;
colonel,
curnel;
George,
Jorge;
island,
iland;
lieutenant,
leuftenant;
quay,
kee;
two,
too;
yacht,
yot;
yeoman,
yewman;
yelk, or yolk, (of an egg,)
yoke.
A TABLE of Foreign Words which still retain their original Pronunciation, (or nearly so,) notwithstanding that they are in a Manner adopted, by frequent Use, into the English Language.
ACcoutre, antique, archives, arriere, banditti, beau, bureau, caviare, cartouch, connoisseur, courier, croup, cuirass, environ, escrutoire, fascine, groupe, intrigue, lieu, machine, magazine, marine, palanquin, pas, piquant, pique, piquet, police, poltron, ponton, prame, profile, rendezvous, roquelaure, rouge, scout, sophi, soup, tête-à-tête, tornado, toupee, tour, transmarine, vermicelli, violoncello, jonquil, adieu.
A TABLE, or INDEX, of the Words, which (with their several Compounds and Derivatives) are Exceptions to the foregoing Rules, viz.
A.
Vowels.
Sounded like
Rule.
Page.
ABóve
o
ŭ
3
21
A-bróad
oa
aw
11
30
Ac-qui-ésce
i
ā
1
12
Af-frónt
o
ŭ
2
17
An-gel
a
ā
2
14
A-ny
a
ĕ
2
12
At-tór-ney
o
ŭ
2
17
Auf
au
ō
4
22
B.
 
 
 
 
Bass
a
ā
2
14
Bear (noun and verb)
ea
ai
9
27
Be-lów
ow
ō
7
25
Be-stów
ow
ō
7
25
Bí-er
i
ē
1
12
Blithe
i
ī
2
16
Blood
oo
ŭ
6
23
Blow
ow
ō
7
24
Boll
o
ō
2
17
Ból-ster
o
ō
2
17
Bomb
o
ŭ
2
17
Bór-age
o
ŭ
7
23
Bór-ough
o
ŭ
2
17
Bór-ough
ou
ŭ
2
17
Bouge
ou
ŭ
7
23
Boúg-et
ou
ŭ
7
23
Bouse
ou
oo
7
24
Bow (noun)
ow
ō
7
24
Bowl (or bason)
ow
ō
7
24
Bread
ea
ĕ
9
27
Break
ea
ā
9
27
Bréak-fast
ea
ĕ
9
27
Breast
ea
27
Breath (noun)
ea
27
Breéch, -es, -ings,
ee
ĭ
9
28
Broad
oa
aw
11
30
Bróth-er
o
u
2
18
Bruise
ui
ū
12
31
Bu-sy
u
ĭ
2
18
C.
 
 
 
 
Cám-brick
a
ā
2
14
Cam-bridge
a
ā
2
14
Can-óe
oe
oo
9
29
Car-oúse
ou
oo
7
24
Caú
li-flower
au
ŏ
4
22
Cey
lon
ey
ē
8
26
Child but not their derivatives
i
ĭ
2
16
Christ but not their derivatives
Clean-ly not in clean
ea
ĕ
9
27
Cleanse not in clean
ea
ĕ
9
27
Cól-our
o
ŭ
2
18
Comb
o
ō
2
17
Come
o
ŭ
3
21
Come-ly
o
u
3
21
Com-ats
o
ŭ
2
18
Cóm-fort
o
u
2
18
Com-pa-ny
o
ŭ
2
18
Cóm-pass
o
ŭ
2
18
Compt
o
ou
2
17
Con-duit
o
ŭ
2
18
Con-ey
o
ŭ
2
18
Con-sta-ble
o
ŭ
2
18
Con-trol
o
ō
2
17
Cou'd
ou
ŭ
7
23
Cóv-e-nant
o
ŭ
2
18
Cóv-er
o
ŭ
2
18
Cóv-et
o
ŭ
2
18
Cóv-ey
o
ŭ
2
18
Cough
ou
ŏ
7
24
Cóul-ter
ou
ō
7
24
Cóun-try
ou
ŭ
7
23
Cóu-ple
ou
ŭ
7
23
Coúr-age
ou
ŭ
7
23
Course, (dis-course, &c.)
ou
ō
7
24
Court
ou
ō
7
24
Coú-sin
ou
ŭ
7
23
Cóz-en (verb)
o
ŭ
2
18
Crow
ow
ō
7
24
Cruise
ui
ū
12
31
Cú-cum-ber
u
ou
1
13
D.
 
 
 
 
Dán-ger
a
ā
2
14
Dare
a
ă
3
20
Dead
ea
ĕ
9
27
Deaf
ea
ĕ
9
27
Death
ea
ĕ
9
27
Dis-cóm-fit
o
ŭ
2
18
Do
o
oo
1
13
Done
o
ŭ
3
21
Door
oo
ō
6
23
Dove
o
ŭ
3
21
Doú-ble
ou
ŭ
7
23
Doúb-let
Dough
ou
ō
7
24
Doz-en
o
ŭ
2
18
Dread
ea
ĕ
9
27
Droll
o
ō
2
17
E.
 
 
 
 
En-déa-vour
ea
ĕ
9
27
En-dict and Indict
i
ī
2
16
Eng-land
e
ĭ
2
15
E noúgh
ou
ŭ
7
23
F.
 
 
 
 
False
a
au
2
15
Fá-ther
a
aw
1
12
Feá-ther
ea
ĕ
9
27
Flood
oo
ŭ
6
23
Floor
oo
ō
6
23
Flow
ow
ō
7
24
Flown (from fly)
ow
ō
7
24
Folk
o
ō
2
17
Foot
oo
ŭ
6
23
Force
o
ō
2
17
Fort
o
ō
2
17
For-eign
ei
ĕ
9
28
9
28
Fór-feit
ei
ī
9
28
Four
ou
o
7
24
Friend
ie
ĕ
9
29
Fruit
ui
ū
12
31
Fúr-lough
ou
ō
7
24
G.
 
 
 
 
Gauge
au
ā
4
22
Ghost
o
ō
2
17
Give
i
ĭ
3
20
Glove
o
ŭ
3
21
Glow
ow
ō
7
24
Goal (g soft)
oa
ā
11
30
Gold
o
oo
2
18
Gone
o
o
3
20
Good
oo
6
23
Gov-ern
o
2
18
Gouge
ou
oo
7
24
Gourd
ou
ō
7
24
Great
ea
ā
9
27
Groat
oa
aw
11
30
Gross
o
ō
2
17
Grow
ow
ō
7
24
H.
 
 
 
 
Hál-ser (l mute)
a
aw
2
15
Han't (for have not)
a
aw
2
15
Have
a
ă
3
20
Haút-boy (t mute)
au
ō
4
22
Head
ea
ĕ
9
27
Héark-en
ea
ă
9
28
Heart
ea
ă
9
28
Hearth
ea
ă
9
28
Héav-en
ea
ĕ
9
27
Hea-vy
ea
ĕ
9
27
Héi-fer
ei
ĕ
9
28
Héin-ous
ei
ā
9
28
Heir (h mute)
ei
ā
9
28
Hey! Hey-day!
ey
ī
8
26
Hol-ster
o
ō
2
17
Hon-ey
o
ŭ
2
18
Hood
oo
ŭ
6
23
Host
o
ō
2
17
I.
 
 
 
 
Jéa-lous
ea
ĕ
9
27
Jéop-ar dy
eo
ĕ
2
18
In-stead
ea
ĕ
9
27
Joúr-nal
ou
ŭ
7
23
Joúr-ney
ou
ŭ
7
23
Juice
ui
ū
12
31
K.
 
 
 
 
Key
ey
ee
8
26
Know
ow
ō
7
24
L.
 
 
 
 
Lead (noun)
ea
ĕ
9
27
Léath-er
ea
ĕ
9
27
Léav-en
ea
ĕ
9
27
Lei-sure
ei
ā and sometimes
9
28
Léo-pard
eo
e
2
18
Live
i
ĭ
3
20
Lón-don
o
ŭ
2
18
Lose, -er,
o
oo
3
22
2
18
Love
o
ú
3
21
Lough (or lake)
o
ó
7
24
Low
ow
ó
7
25
M.
 
 
 
 
Mam-má
a
aw
1
12
Man-ger
a
ā
2
15
Má-ny
a
ă
1
12
Ma
-ter
a
aw
2
15
Meas-ure
ea
ĕ
9
27
Mild
i
ī
2
16
Mis-téach
ea
e
9
27
Món-day
o
u
2
18
Món-ey
o
ŭ
2
18
-Món-ger
o
u
2
18
Món-grel
o
ú
2
18
Monk
o
ú
2
18
Món-key
o
ŭ
2
18
Month
o
ū
2
18
Most
o
ō
2
17
Móth-er
o
ŭ
2
18
Move
o
oo
3
22
Mould
ou
ō
7
24
Moult
ou
ō
7
24
Mounch
ou
ŭ
7
23
Mourn
ou
ō
7
24
Mow
ow
ō
7
25
Múr-rain
ai
ĕ
8
26
N.
 
 
 
 
Noú-rish
ou
ŭ
7
23
Nuí-sance
ui
ū
12
31
O.
 
 
 
 
 
i
 
 
 
O-blíge
o
ee
3
21
One
o
ŏ
3
20
On-ion
o
ŭ
2
18
On-ly
o
ō
2
17
Oth
er
o
ŭ
2
18
Ov-en
o
ŭ
2
18
Owe, own,
ow
ō
7
25
P.
 
 
 
 
Pál-sey
a
aw
2
15
Pa-pá
a
aw
1
12
Pa-tról
o
ō
2
17
Péa-sant
a
e
9
27
Péas-cod
Peó-ple
eo
ē
2
18
Phéas-ant
ea
9
27
Pi-er
i
ē
1
12
Pint
i
ī
2
16
Plás-ter
a
aw
2
15
Pleá-sant
ea
ĕ
9
27
Pléa-sure
Poll
o
ō
2
17
Port
o
ō
2
17
Post
o
ō
2
17
Póm-mel
o
ŭ
2
18
Póth-er
o
ŭ
2
18
Póre-blind
o
ŭ
3
21
Poult
ou
ō
7
24
Poúl-try, Poúl-ter-er,
Poúl-tice
ou
ō
7
24
Prét-ty
e
ĭ
2
15
Prove
o
oo
3
22
Prow
ow
ō
7
25
Prowl
Pur-suit
ui
ū
12
31
R.
 
 
 
 
Read (perfect tense, participle passive)
ea
ĕ
9
27
Reá-dy
ea
ĕ
9
27
Realm
ea
ĕ
9
27
Re-cruit
ui
ū
12
31
Roll
o
o
2
17
Róm-age
o
ŭ
2
18
Rome
o
oo
3
22
Ront
o
ŭ
2
18
Rough
ou
ŭ
7
23
Row, (noun and verb)
ow
ō
7
25
S.
 
 
 
 
Said
ai
ĕ
8
26
Scourge
ou
ŭ & ŏ
7
23
Scroll
o
ō
2
17
Sew
ew
ō
10
30
Séy-mour
ey
ō
8
26
Shoe
oe
oo
9
29
Shou'd
ou
7
23
Shove
o
ŭ
3
22
Shóv-el
o
ŭ
2
18
Shoúld-er
ou
ŏ
7
24
Show
ow
ŏ
7
25
Sieve
ie
ĭ
9
29
Skein
ei
ai
9
28
Sleight (Artifice)
ei
ī
9
28
Slough (Suppuration from a Sore)
ou
ŭ
7
23
Slóv-en
o
ŭ
2
18
Slow
ow
ō
7
25
Sluice
ui
ū
12
31
Smóth-er
o
ŭ
2
18
Snow
ow
ō
7
25
Some
o
ŭ
3
22
Son
o
ŭ
2
18
Soot
oo
ŭ
6
23
Soul
ou
ō
7
24
Sow (Verb)
ow
ō
7
25
Sponge
o
ŭ
3
22
Sport
o
ō
2
17
Spread
ea
ĕ
9
27
Stéad-y
ea
ĕ
9
27
Stood
oo
ŭ
6
23
Strow
ow
ō
7
25
Stroll
o
ō
2
17
Strow
ow
ō
7
25
Suit
ui
ū
12
31
Suít-or
ui
ū
12
31
Súr-feit
ei
ĭ
9
28
Swear
ea
ai
9
28
Sweat
ea
ĕ
9
27
Sword
o
ō
2
17
T.
 
 
 
 
Tear (Verb)
ea
ai
9
28
Teat
ea
ĕ
9
27
Ti-er
i
ē
1
12
Their
ei
ai
9
28
There
e
ai
3
20
Though
ou
ō
7
24
Thór-ough-fare
o
ŭ
2
18
Thór-ough-ly
ou
ŭ
7
23
Thread
ea
ĕ
9
27
Thréat-en
ea
ĕ
9
27
Through
ou
oo
7
24
Throw
ow
ō
7
25
To
o
ŭ
1
13
Toll
o
ō
2
17
Tomb
o
oo
2
18
Ton
o
ŭ
2
18
Tongue
o
ŭ
2
22
Tor-toise
oi
ŭ
5
22
Touch
ou
ŭ
7
23
Tough
ou
ŭ
7
24
Tow (Noun and Verb)
ow
ō
7
25
Tréach-e-ry
ea
ĕ
9
27
Tread
ea
ĕ
9
27
Treas-ure
ea
e
9
27
Troll
o
ō
2
17
Tróu ble
ou
ŭ
7
24
Trough
ou
ŏ
7
24
Trow
ow
ō
7
25
V.
 
 
 
 
Veil
ei
ai
9
28
Vein
ei
ai
9
28
Vil-lain
ai
é
8
26
Un-cóuth
ou
oo
7
24
W.
 
 
 
 
Wá-ter
a
aw
1
12
Weal (Mark of a Stripe)
ea
ai
9
28
Wéap-on
ea
ĕ
9
27
Wéath-er
ea
ĕ
9
27
Wear
ea
ai
9
28
Were
e
ai
3
20
Wheal (a Stripe)
ea
ai
9
28
Where
e
ai
3
20
Who
o
sometimes oo
1
13
Whom
o
ditto
2
18
Whose
o
ditto
2
18
Wild
i
ī
2
16
Womb
o
oo
2
18
Wó-man, Wó-men,
o
ŭ & ĭ
2
18
Won
o
ŭ
2
18
Wón-der
o
ŭ
2
18
Wood
oo
ŭ
6
23
Wool
oo
ŭ
6
23
Word
o
ŭ
2
18
World
o
ŭ
2
18
Work
o
ŭ
2
18
Worm
o
ŭ
2
18
Wórst-ed
o
ŭ
2
18
Wór-ry
o
ŭ
2
18
Wór-ship
o
ŭ
2
18
Wort
o
ŭ
2
18
Wort
o
ŭ
2
18
Worth
o
ŭ
2
18
Worse
o
ŭ
2
22
Wou'd
ou
ŭ
7
23
Wreak
ea
ĕ
9
27
Writhe
i
ee
3
21
Y.
 
 
 
 
Yeast
ea
ĕ
2
27
Yél-low
e
ă
2
15
Yes
e
ĭ
2
15
Yet
e
ĭ
2
15
Z.
 
 
 
 
Zeál-ous, Zeál-ot,
ea
ĕ
9
27
AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING A brief Account OF THE CHIEF PECULIARITIES OF THE
ENGLISH CONSONANTS,
By the late Rev. Mr. T. S.
AN APPENDIX, &c.
1.
B
is mute before
t,
or after
m,
in the same syllable, as
debt, lamb,
&c.
2.
C
sounds soft, like
s,
when followed by
e, i,
or an apostrophe, (denoting the absence of
e,
) as
cedar, city, danc'd,
&c.
C
sounds like
sh,
when followed by
ea, ia, ie,
or
io,
making different syllables, as
ocean, ancient, precious, social,
&c. except
society.
CC,
when followed by
e
or
i,
sounds like
x,
as in
accept, accident,
&c.
C
is mute in
indict, victuals, scene, scent, science, sciatica, scissors, scission, scymitar, scythe,
and the proper names,
Scyros, Scylla,
and
Scythia.
In all other cases
c
sounds hard like
k.
3.
Ch,
when properly English, has the same sound with the Italian
c
before
e
or
i.
Example,
child, chain,
&c.
It sounds also like
sh
in words derived from the French, as
chaise, Champaigne,
&c. and like
k
in words of Greek extraction, as
Christ, school, stomach, archangel,
&c. pronounced
ark-angel.
But if
arch
comes before a consonant,
ch
has then its proper English sound, as in
arch-bishop.
Ch
in
loch
sounds like
f.
Ch
is mute in
drachm, schedule,
and
schism.
4.
D
is mute before
ge,
as in
judge, bridge,
&c. also in
soldier.
5.
F
in
of
sounds like
v.
6.
G
sounds
soft
like
j
before
e, i,
or an
apostrophe,
and
hard
(like the Greek γ) in all other cases.
Example.
Angel, rage, rag'd, giant, ginger,
&c.
Exceptions to
g
's sounding soft.
1. In the participles passive of words ending in
g
hard (and also whereever
g
is doubled) it continues hard, notwithstanding the vowels
e
or
i,
or an
apostrophe,
as in
dragg'd, begging, digging,
&c.
2. In the termination
ger,
wherever it makes a distinct syllable,
g
sounds hard, as in
an-ger, fin-ger, lon-ger, stron-ger,
&c. in which kind of words it may be observed, that the
g
sounds double, so as to belong to both syllables.
3. Derivatives in
er, ed,
or
ing,
from primitives in
ng,
retain the
g
hard, as
sing-ing, sing-er,
from
sing; hang-ing, hang-er,
from
hang; wing-ed,
or
wing'd,
from
wing,
&c. in which kind of words it may be observed, that
g
sounds
single,
and belongs to the
first syllable only.
4. In the following words
g
is hard notwithstanding it comes before
e
or
i;
viz.
geese, gewgaw, geld, gelt, Gertrude, get,
(with its compounds,)
gibberish, gibbous, giddy, gift, gig, giggle, gild, girl, give, for-give, gilt, gimblet, gimp, gird, girt, girdle, be-gin, gizzard, Gideon, Gibbons, Gilbert,
and
Gilpin.
G is mute before
n
in the same syllable, as
guash, sign, sovereign,
&c. also in
phlegm, seraglio,
and
bagnio.
7.
Gh
sounds like
g
hard in
ghost,
and like
ff
in
cough, lough, laugh, laughter, rough, slough, tough, trough,
and
enough.
In other words it is mute.
8.
H
is mute in
hour, honour, honest, heir, herb, humour, hostler, thyme, John, Thomas, Thomasin,
and
Thames.
Also in Greek words when preceded by R, as
rheum, rhyme, rhetoric, myrrh,
&c. and, lastly, at the end of words, as
ah, hah, Isaiah, Sarah,
&c.
9.
K
is mute before
n
in the same syllable, as in
knave, know, knight,
&c.
10.
L
is mute in
balk, talk, walk, stalk, halm, calm, calf, calves, falcon, half,
alves, holme,
(an island,) and
Holmes,
(a surname,)
psalm, qualm, salmon, could, should,
and
would.
11.
N
is mute after
m
in the same syllable, as
hymn, autumn, solemn,
&c.
12.
P
is mute before
s,
and between
m
and
t,
as
psalm, tempt,
&c.
13.
Ph
is always sounded like
f,
except in
Stephen, nephew,
and
phial,
where it sounds like
v.
Ph
is mute in
phthisic,
and is pronounced
tizzic.
14.
Q
is always followed by
u,
and, when it begins a syllable, sounds like
cw,
by which (as Mr Johnson observes) our Saxon ancestors well expressed it. But, in terminations from the Latin
-quus,
and also in words of French extraction, it sounds like
k.
Example.
Oblique, antique, quoif, conquer, risque, traffique,
&c. some of which words are now more commonly spelt with
c
or
k,
as
coif, risk, traffic,
&c.
15.
S
sounds like
z.
1. In the third persons singular of all verbs, and the plural number of all nouns, as in
has, was, tries, bees, times,
&c.
2. In pronouns possessive, as
his, hers, theirs,
and also when preceded by the comma denoting possession, as
father's, mother's, Tom's, Will's,
&c. Also in the particle
as.
Exceptions to the two last Sections.
S
has its proper sound when preceded by
c, k, ck, f, p, q,
or
t,
which admit not the sound of
z
so easily after them, as in
speaks, beats, rocks, Jack's, Dick's, Gilbert's, cock's spur, cat's paw,
&c.
3.
S
sounds like
z
preceded by a liquid in the same syllable, as
damsel, crimson, Thames, Jersey, Guernsey,
&c. and also,
4.
S,
between two vowels, most commonly sounds like
z,
as
daisy, reprisal, pleasant, please, rosin,
&c.
Except
house, mouse, louse, goose, geese, sausage, purchase, promise, case, mason, bason, basis, phasis,
and
thesis.
Except also substantives in
use,
derived from Latin verbs, as
use, abuse, disuse, refuse, excuse,
&c. and adjectives derived from the participles passive of some Latin verbs, as
recluse, profuse, abstruse,
&c.
Lastly, Except also the words contained in the next section but one, where
s
sounds like
zh.
II.
S
and
ss
sound like
sh
in
sure,
(with its compounds,)
issue, tissue, fissure, pressure, Russian,
&c. also in the terminations
-assion, -ession, -ission, -ussion,
as in
passion, impression, mission, concussion,
&c.
III.
S,
when preceded by a vowel, and followed by
ion
or
ian,
sounds like
zh,
as
invasion, Ephesian, vision, delusion,
&c. But if it be preceded by a consonant, it sounds like
sh,
as in
conversion, Persian,
&c.
S
sounds also like
zh
before
-ier,
as
osier, hosier, glasier, brasier,
&c. and in the words
leisure, measure, pleasure,
and
treasure.
S
is mute in
isle, Lisle, Carlisle, island, viscount,
and
demesne.
16.
T,
before
io
or
ia,
(making part of the same syllable with
i,
) sounds like
sh,
as
nation, cautious, Egyptian, satiate,
&c. But, if
t
belong to the former syllable, its retains its proper sound, as
question, fustian, combustion,
&c.
T
is mute in words ending with
-stle,
as
castle, thistle, bristle,
&c.
Th
has two sounds; the one soft, as in
thy,
the other hard, (like the Greek θ,) as in
thigh.
I.
Th
sounds soft,
1st, in
thence, there,
(with their compounds,)
then, that, the, thee, these, this, those, thus, thou, thy, thine, their, theirs, them, though, although, beneath, bequeath, betroth, mouths, tythe, seythe, wreath, booth,
and in the verbs
bathe, mouth, seeth, loathe, soothe,
and
breathe.
2dly, Wherever it occurs between two vowels, as
father, mother,
&c. except words of Greek extraction, and also derivatives from words ending with
th
hard, as
earthen
from
earth,
&c.
3dly,
Th
sounds soft when placed between
r
and a vowel, as
burthen, murther,
&c. though in such words
d
is often pronounced instead of
th,
as
murder, burden.
In other cases
th
sounds
hard.
Th
is mute in
asthma,
with its derivatives.
18.
W
is mute before
r
in the same syllable, as
write, wrath,
&c. also in
sword, swoon,
and
answer,
with their compounds and derivatives.
The other consonants have the same powers as in other languages.
The
Lord's Prayer,
the
Creed,
and the
Ten Commandments, &c.
divided into syllables, (according to the
rule for spelling
recommended by the learned Bishop Lowth,) with references placed to those syllables which are
exceptions
to the several
rules
laid down in this book respecting the pronunciation of vowels and diphthongs.
The LORD's PRAYER.
OUR Fá-ther,1 which art in Héav-en,2 hál-low-ed3 by thy Name. Thy Kíng-dom come.4 Thy will be done4 in Earth7 as it is in Héav-en.6 Give7 us this day our dai-ly bread.• And for-gíve7 us
N. B.
I
the
Tables of References,
P. E.
denotes
Particular Exceptions,
and
G. E.
denotes
General Exceptions.
denotes that it is to be pronounc
d
, and a
line,
or-, that it is to be pronounced
long.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
1 a
in
ha-
see
P. E.
to
I.
12
• ea
in
Heaven.
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
• ow
in
hal-low-ed
— G. E.
to
VII.
25
• o
in
come
— P. E.
to
III.
21
• Ea
in
Earth
— G. E.
to
IX.
28
• ea
in
Héav-en
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
•
in
for-give
— P. E.
to
III.
20
our trés-pas-ses• as we for-gíve• them that trespáss a-gainst us. And lead us not into temp-tá-tion,9 but de-lív-er us from
(the)
E-vil
(Bé-ing;)
for thine is the Kíng-dom, the Pów-er, and the Gló-ry, for év-er and év-er. Amen.
The CREED.
I Be-liéve in GOD the FA-THER1 ALMIGHTY,*2 Má-ker of Héav-en3 and Earth;4 and in JESUS CHRIST,5 his ón-ly6 Son,7 our Lord, who8 was cón-ceiv-ed by the Hó-ly Ghost,9 born of the Vír-gin
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
8 c
-ses
ē
see
G. E.
to
II.
16
9 -tion
-shon
see
Table in 5
References to the Creed.
1 a
in
Fá-ther
aw
— P. E.
to
I.
12
* a
in
Al-,
from
all
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
2 i
in
-migh-ty
i
— G. E.
to
II.
16
3 ea
in
Héav-en,
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
4 Ea
in
Earth
ĕ
— G. E.
to
IX.
28
5 i
in
Christ
ī
— P. E.
to
II.
16
6 o
in
ón-ly
ō
— P. E.
to
II.
17
7 o
in
Son
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
8 o
in
who
oo
— P. E.
to
I.
13
• o
in
Ghost
ō
— P. E.
to
II.
17
Má-ry, súf-fer-ed ún-der Pón-tius Pí-late, was crú-cif-i-ed, dead,10 and búr-i-ed;• he de-scén-ded ín-to Hell; the third day he rose á-gain from the dead;12 he as-cén-ded ín-to Héav-en,• and sít-teth at the right11 hand of GOD the FATHER1 AL-*MIGHTY,2 from thence he shall come2 to judge the Quick and the Dead.10
I be-líeve in the HO-LY GHOST,9 the hó-ly Cá-tho-lic Church, the Com-mú-ni-on13 of Saints, the for-gíve-ness14 of sins, the ré-sur-rec-tion15 of the bód-y, and the life ev-er-lást-ing. A-men.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
10 ea
in
dead
ĕ
see
P. E.
to
IX.
27
11 i
before
gh
in
right
ī
— G. E.
to
II.
16
* a
in
Al-,
from
all,
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
12 o
in
come
— P. E.
to
III.
21
13 i
before a
vowel
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
12
14 i
in
give
ĭ
— P. E.
to
III.
20
15 -tion
shon
— Table 5
The TEN COMMANDMENTS.1
The first Tá-ble. Of our Dú-ty to-wárds
GOD.
GOD spake all2 these words,3 say-ing, I am THE LORD thy GOD, which have brought4 thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of Bón-dage.
I. Thou shalt have5 no óth-er6 Gods be-fore me.
II. Thou shalt not make ún-to thee á-ny7 grá-ven ím-age, or á-ny7 líke-ness
(of á-ny thing)
that
(is)
in Héav-en8 a-bóve,9
Reference to the Ten Commandments.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
1 a
in
mand
au
see
G. E.
to
II.
15
2 a
in
all
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
3 o
in
word
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
4 ou
before
ght
aw
— G. E.
to
VI.
24
5 a
in
have
ă
— P. E.
to
III.
20
6 o
in
óth-er
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
7 a
in
á-ny
ĕ
— P. E.
to
I.
12
8 ea
in
Héav-en
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
or that
is
in the earth be-néath, or that
is
in the wá-ter un-der the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thy-sélf to them, nor serve them: for I, THE LORD thy GOD, am a jeal-ous•2 GOD, ví-sit-ing the in-í-quit-y* of the fá-thers up-ón the chíl-dren ún-to the third and fourth14 gen-er-á-tion of them that hate me, and shéw-ing mér-cy ún-to thóu-sands of them that love•• me and keep my com-mánd-ments.••
III. Thou shalt not take the name of THE LORD thy GOD in vain; for THE LORD will not hold† him guílt-less that tá-keth his name in vain.
IV. Re-mém-ber the Sab-bath-Day to keep it hó-ly. Six days shalt thou lá-bour,
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
9 o
in
a-bove
u
see
P. E.
to
III.
21
10 ea
in
earth
e
— P. E.
to
IX.
28
11 a
in
wa-ter
aw
— P. E.
to
I.
12
12 ea
in
jéal-ous
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
13 a
in
Fá-ther
— P. E.
to
I.
12
14 ou
in
fourth
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
1• -tion
shon
Table
in
5
16 o
in
love
ù
— P. E.
to
III.
21
* y
final
— G. E.
to
I.
13
† o
in
hold
ō
— G. E.
to
II.
17
and do•• all2 thy work;18 but the sév-enth
is
the Sáb-bath
A Hebrew word signifying
REST.
of THE LORD thy GOD.
In it
thou shalt not do17 á-ny• work;1• thou, nor thy son,19 nor thy dáugh-ter, thy man-sér-vant, nor thy maid-sér-vant, nor thy cát-tle, nor thy strán-ger,2• that is wíth-in thy gates: for in six days the LORD made Héav-en• and Earth,• the Sea, and all• that in them
is,
and rest-ed the s
v-enth day: whére-fore2• the LORD blessed the Sáb-bath-Day, and hál-low-ed22 it.
The second Table. Of our Dú-ty to-wárds our Néigh-bour.2324
V. Hón-our24 thy fá-ther and mó-ther,2• that thy days may be long up-ón
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
1• o
in
do
oo
see
P. E.
to
I.
13
15 o
in
work
ú
— P. E.
to
II.
18
19 o
in
son
ù
— P. E.
to
II.
18
20 a
in
strán-ger
ā
See Note on
III.
19
21 e
in
where
ai
— P. E.
to
III.
20
22 ow
in
hál-low
ŏ
— G. E.
to
VII.
25
23 ei
before
gh
ā
— G. E.
to
IX.
29
24 ou
in
-our
final
ŭ
— G. E.
to
VII.
24
25 o
in
mo-ther
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
the land which THE LORD thy GOD gív-eth thee.
VI. Thou shalt not kill, (or do17 no múr-der.)
VII. Thou shalt not com-mít a-dúl-ter-y.*
VIII. Thou shalt not steal.
IX. Thou shalt not bear false26 wít-ness a-gaínst thy neígh-bour.23 24
X. Thou shalt not cóv-et2• thy neígh-bour's23 24 house, thou shalt not cóv-et27 thy neígh-bour's23 24 wife, nor his man-sér-vant. nor his maid-sérvant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor á-ny7 thing that is thy neigh-bour's.23 24
Di-réc-tions for Práy-er, bé-ing a part of our Lord's Sér-mon on the mount.
(Matth. vi. 5—15.)
WHEN thou práy-est, thou shalt not be as the hyp-o-crites (are,) for they love1 to2 pray stánd-ing in the
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
* y
final
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
26 a
in
false
aw
— P. E.
to
II.
15
27 o
in
cóv-et
u
— P. E.
to
II.
18
Directions for Prayer, &c.
1 o
in
love
ŭ
— P. E.
to
III.
21
2 o
in
to
ŏo
— P. E.
to
I.
13
syn-a-gogues3 and in the cór-ners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Vér-i-ly4 I say un-to you,5 They have6 their re-wárd. But thou, when thou práy-est, én-ter ín-to• thy clós-et, and, when thou hast shut thy door, pray to• thy Fá-ther• which is in sé-cret, and thy Fá-ther,7 which sé-eth in sé-cret, shall rewárd thee ó-pen-ly.4 But, when ye pray, use not vain rep-e-tít-ions,8 as the héathen do;9 for they think that they shall be heard1 0 for their1 1 much spéak-ing. Be not ye thére-fore1 2 like ún-to3 them: for your• Fá-ther7 knów-eth1 3 what things ye
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
3 o
in
syn-a gogues
ŏ
— G. E.
to
III.
20
4 y
in
vér-i-ly
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
5 ou
in
you
and
your
ū
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
6 a
in
have
ă
— P. E.
to
III.
20
7 a
in
Fá-ther
aw
— P. E.
to
I.
12
8 -tions.
 
See Table in
5
9 o
in
do
oo
— P. E.
to
I.
13
10 ea
in
heard
ĕ
before
r
— G. E.
to
IX.
28
11 ei
in
their
ai
— P. E.
to
IX.
28
12 e
in
there
ai
— P. E.
to
III.
20
13 ow
in
know
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
have need of be-fóre ye ask him. Af-ter this mán-ner, thére-fore,1 2 pray ye:— Our Fá-ther,7 &c. (
See p.
56.) For, if ye for-gíve1 4 men their trés-pas-ses, your héav-en-ly1 5 Fá-ther7 will ál-so1 6 for-gíve1 4 you:5 but, if ye for-gíve1 4 not men their1 1 trés-pas-ses, nei-ther will your5 Fá-ther for-gíve1 4 your5 trés-pas-ses.
A short Form of Mórn-ing-Práy-er for a pri-vate Pér-son. (Pré-vĭ-ous Med-it-á-tion.)
WHERE-WITH1 shall I come2 befóre the Lord, and bow my-sélf be-fóre the High4 God? — He hath shéwed thee, O Man, what is good;5 and what
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
14 i
in
for-gíve
ĭ
— P. E.
to
III.
20
15 ea
in
Héav-en
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
16 a
in
ál-so,
from
all
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
References to Morning-Prayer.
1 e
in
where
aĭ
— P. E.
to
III.
20
2 o
in
come
ŭ
— P. E.
to
III.
21
3 ow
in
bow
(verb)
ow
according to
VII.
23
•
but in
bow,
(noun)
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
4 i
before
gh
ī
— G. E.
to
II.
16
5 oo
in
good
ŭ
or
oo
— P. E.
to
VI.
23
doth the Lord re-quíre of thee, but to do6 júst-ly,7 and love8 mér-cy, and to walk9 húm-bly7 with thy God? (
Mi-cah
vi. 6.) Give1 0 me un-der-stánd-ing, (
O
LORD,) and I shall keep thy Law; yea,1 1 I shall ób-serve it with my whole heart.1 2 (
Psalm
cxix. 34.)
¶ Then, humbly kneeling, say,
O LORD our héav1 -en-ly2 Fá-ther,3 Al4 -migh5 -ty2 and ev-er-lást-ing God, who6 hast sáfe-ly2 brought7
(me)
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
6 o
in
do
oo
see
P. E.
to
I.
13
7 y
final
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
8 o
in
love
ŭ
— P. E.
to
III.
21
9 a
before
lk
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
10 i
in
give
ĭ
— P. E.
to
III.
20
11 ea
in
yea
ā
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
12 ea
in
heart
ă
— P. E.
to
IX.
28
References to the Prayer.
1 ea
in
héav-en-ly
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
2 y
final
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
3 a
in
Fá-ther
aw
— P. E.
to
I.
12
4 a
in
Al-,
from
all
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
5 i
before
gh
in
might
ī
— G. E.
to
II.
16
6 o
in
who
and
do
oo
— P. E.
to
I.
13
7 ou
before
ght
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
24
to8 the be-gín-ning of this day, de-fénd
(me)
in the same with thy mígh5 -ty2 pów-er; and grant that this day
(I)
fall9 ín-to8 no sin, néith-er run ín-to á-ny1 0 kind of dánger;1 2 but that all
(my)
dó4 -ings may be ór-der-ed by thy góv1 3-ern-ance to do8 al4 -ways that is rígh5 -teôus in thy sight5 through1 4 Jé-sus Christ1 5 our Lord. Amen.
A Práy-er, for the Gift, or As-sist-ance, of the
HO-LY SPIR-IT,
to be ád-ded to the fórm-er.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
8 o
in
to
and
do
oo
see
P. E.
to
I.
13
9 a
before
ll
in manosyllables
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
10 a
in
á-ny
ĕ
— P. E.
to
I.
12
11 i
before
nd
ī
— G. E.
to
II.
16
1 2 a
in
dán-ger
ā
— P. E.
to
II.
14
13 o
in
góv-ern
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
14 ou
in
through
oo
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
15 i
in
Christ
ī
— P. E.
to
II.
16
AL1 -mígh2 -ty3 God, ún-to4 whom5 all1 hearts6 be ó-pen, all1 de-síres known,7 and from whom5 no sé-crets are hid, cleanse8 the thoughts9 of my heart6 by the ín-spi-rá-tion10 of thy Ho-ly Spírit, that I may pér-fect-ly love11 thee, and wór12 -thil-y12 mág-nif-y thy hó-ly name, through13 Jé-sus Christ15 p .•6 . our Lord. A-men.
¶
Then, áf-ter re-com-ménd-ing Re-lá-tions, Friends,14 &c. to the mér-cy, bléss-ing, and
References to the above Prayer and the following.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
1 a
in
Al-,
from
all,
aw
see
G. E.
to
II.
15
2 i
before
gh
ī
— G. E.
to
II.
16
3 y
in the last syllable
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
4 o
in
to
oo
— P. E.
to
I.
3
5 o
in
who, whom
ōo
— P. E.
to
II.
18
6 ea
in
heart
ă
— P. E.
to
IX.
28
7 ow
in
known
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
8 ea
in
cleanse
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
9 ou
before
ght
aw
— G. E.
to
VII.
24
10 -tion
shon
Table
in
5
11 o
in
love
ŭ
— P. E.
to
III.
21
12 o
in
wór-thil-y
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
13 ou
in
through
oo
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
14 ie
in
friends
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
29
pro-téc-tion, of God, let the
Lord's Práyer
be ád-ded, (see p.
56,)
and con-clúde with the fól-low15 -ing form of bléss-ing from the Hó-ly Scríp-tures,
2 Cor. xiii. 14.
THE Grace of our Lord Jé-sus Christ, the Love11 of God, and the fél-low15 -ship of the Hó-ly Ghost,16 be with us all év-er-more. A-men.
A short Form of E-ven-ing Práy-er for a prí-vate Pér-son. (Pré-vi1 -ous Med-it-á-tion.)
GOD is a spír-it, and they that wór3 -ship him must wór-ship
(him)
in spír-it and in truth.4 (
John
iv. 24.)
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
15 ow
in
fól-low & fél-low
ŏ
see
G. E.
to
VII.
25.
16 o
in
Ghost
ō
— P. E.
to
II.
17
References to the Evening-Prayer. (Previous Meditation.)
1 i
before
a vowel
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
12
2 -tion,
termination
shon
— Table in
5
3 o
in
wór-ship
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
4 u
in
truth,
from
true
ū
— G. E.
to
III.
19
This is the WILL of GOD, é-ven your Sanct-if-ic-á-tion,
(said an A-pós-tle to the Thes-sal-ó-nĭ-ans,)
that ye should5 áb-stain from forn-ic-á-tion;2 that év-er-y* one6 of you7 should5 know8 now to pós-sess his vés-sel in sanc-ti-fic-á-tion and hón-our;9 not in the lust of con-cú-pis-cence, é-ven as the Gén-tiles which know8 not God: That no man go be-yónd and de-fráud his Bróth-er10 in á-ny11 mat-ter, be-cáuse that the Lord is the a-vén-ger of all such, as we ál-so have12 tést-i-fied. For God hath not cál-led13 us ún-to14 un-cléan-ness, but ún-to14 hó-li†-ness. He, thére-fore,15 that
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
5 . ou
in
should
ŭ
see
P.E.
to
VII.
23
y final
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
6 o
in
one
won
— P. E.
to
III.
20
7 ou
in
you
ū
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
8 o
in
know
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
9 our,
termination
ŭ
—
Table in
5
10 o
in
bró-ther
ŭ
— P. E.
to
II.
18
11 a
in
á-ny
ĕ
— P. E.
to
I.
12
12 a
in
have
ă
— P. E.
to
III.
20
13 a
in
call
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
14 o
in
ún-to
ŏo
— P. E.
to
I.
13
† i
for
y
 
— G. E.
to
I. note
13
15 e
in
there
ai
— P. E.
to
III.
20
de-spí-seth, de-spí-seth not Man, but God, who16 hath ál-so17 gív-en ún-to14 us his hó-ly Spír-it. (1
Thess.
c. iv.)
"—What? Know18 ye not that your19 bód-y20 is the tém-ple of the Hó-ly20 Ghost,21 (which is) in you,19 which ye have12 of GOD, and that you are not your19 own?22 For ye are bought23 with a price; thére-fore15 gló-rif-y GOD in your bód-y and in your19 spír-it, which are GOD'S." (1
Cor.
vi. 19
and
20.) "And now," (
my Soul,24
) "what doth the LORD thy GOD requíre of thee, but to fear the Lord thy God, to walk25 in all26 his ways, and to love27 him, and to serve the LORD thy
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
16 o
in
do, who
oo
see
P. E.
to
I.
13
17 a
in
al-,
from
all
au
— G. E.
to
II.
15
18 o
in
know
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
19 ou
in
you
and
your
ū
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
20 y
final
ĭ
— G. E.
to
I.
13
21 o
in
Ghost
ō
— P. E.
to
II.
17
22 ow
in
own
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
25
23 ou
before
ght
aw
— G. E.
to
VII.
24
24 ou
in
soul
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
25 a
before
lk
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
26 a
before
ll
in words of
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
27 o
in
love
ŭ
— P. E.
to
III.
21
GOD with all26 thy heart28 and with all thy soul;24 to keep the com-mánd-ments29 of the Lord, and his stát-utes, for thy good?30 Be-hóld31 the Héav-en,32 and the Héav-en32 of Héav-ens,32 is the Lord's thy God; the Earth33 ál-so,17 with all26 that thére-in15 is. (
Deut.
x. 12—14.)
—He is a dis-cérn-er of the thoughts23 and in-ténts of the heart.
This Text dé-clares the div-íne Om-nís-ci-ence of the
lív-ing word of God, our great High Priest, Jé-sus, the Son of God;
but it is súrely e-qual-ly áp-pli-ca-ble to all the three di-vine Pér-sons in the GOD-HEAD, éi-ther sép-ar-ate-ly or jóint-ly,
Néith-er is there15 á-ny11 créa-ture that is not mán-if-est in his sight,34 but all26 things are ná-ked and ó-pen-ed ún-to14 the eyes of him with whom35 we have to do.16 (
Heb.
iv. 12—14.
This Text dé-clares the div-íne Om-nís-ci-ence of the
lív-ing word of God, our great High Priest, Jé-sus, the Son of God;
but it is súrely e-qual-ly áp-pli-ca-ble to all the three di-vine Pér-sons in the GOD-HEAD, éi-ther sép-ar-ate-ly or jóint-ly,
)
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
28 ea
in
heart
ă
see
P. E.
to
IX.
28
29 a
before
nd
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
30 oo
in
good
ŏo
or
ŭ
— P. E.
to
VI.
23
31 o
before
ld
ō
— G. E.
to
II.
17
32 ea
in
Héav-en
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
33 ea
in
earth
ĕ
— G. E.
to
IX.
28
34 i
before
gh
ī
— G. E.
to
II.
16
35 o
in
whom
oo
— P. E.
to
II.
18
¶
Then, húm-bly knéel-ing, say, with a due sense of God's u-ni-vér-sal prés-ence,
I Húm-bly1 be-séech thee, O Fá-ther,2 mér-ci• -ful-ly1 to look úp-on
my
in-fírm-it-ies;3 and, for the gló-ry1 of thy name, turn from
me
all those é-vils that
I
most ríght-e-ous-ly have de-sérv-ed; and grant, that, in all4
my
tróu-bles,5
I
may put my whole trust and cón-fid-ence in thy mer-cy, and év-er-more serve thee in hó-li3 -ness and púre-ness of lív-ing, to thy hón-our and gló-ry, through our ón-ly Me-di-á-tor and A′d-vo-cate, Jé-sus Christ our Lord. A-men.
References to the Prayer.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
1 y
snal
1
— G. E.
to
I.
13
2 a
in
Fá-ther
aw
— P. E.
to
I.
12
3 i,
or
ie,
substituted for
y, (
l
ke the
y
in the original word,
 
— G. E.
to
I. note.
13
4 a,
before
ll,
in word of
aw
— G. E.
to
II.
15
5 ou
in
tróu-bles
u
— P. E.
to
VII.
23
6 ou
in the termination
our
ŭ
— G. E.
to
VII.
24
7 ou
in
through
oo
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
i
in
Christ
ī
— P. E.
to
II.
16
Práy-er for the Gift of the Hó-ly Spir-it.
O GOD, fór-as-much as with-óut thee
I am
not a-ble to please thee, mér-ci• -ful-ly grant that thy Hó-ly Spir-it may in all4 things di-rect and rule
my heart,8
through7 Je-sus Christ our Lord. A-men. (
From the Cól-lect for the
19th
Sún-day áf-ter Trín-i-ty.
)
¶ Then húm-bly réc-om-mend your9 Re-la-tions,10 Friends, &c. to God's mér-cy, pro-téc-tion,10 and bles-sing; ádd-ing such pe-tít-ions10 as may seem most súit12 -a-ble to your9
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
8 ea
in
heart
ă
see
P. E.
to
IX.
28
9 ou
in
you
and
your
ū
— P. E.
to
VII.
24
10 tion
shon
—
Table in
5
11 ie
in
friends
ĕ
— P. E.
to
IX.
29
•• ui
in
súit-a-ble
ū
— P. E.
to
XII.
31
own13 par-tíc-u-lar case, but with great14 cáu-tion and con-sid-er-á-tion, lest you "ask a-míss."
(James iv. 3.)
Af-ter-wards read the Lord's Práy-er,
(as in p. 56,)
with all pós-si-ble at-tén-tion to the méan-ing of each sén-tence, and with an áwe-ful sense of the con-tín-u-al prés-ence of the Di-vine Bé-ing, to whom•5 it is ad-dréss-ed; and con-clúde, as in the Form for Mórn-ing-Práy-er, at p. 65, with im-plór-ing the bléss-ing and com-mu-nic-á-tion10 of all the three di-víne Pér-sons, ac-córd-ing to the ex-ám-ple gív-en in Hó-ly Scrip-ture. See
2 Cor. xiii. 14.
Reference.
Sounded like.
Rule.
Page.
13 ow
in
own
ō
— P. E.
to
VII.
25
14 ea
in
great
ā
— P. E.
to
IX.
27
15 o
in
whom
oo
— P. E.
to
II.
18
THE END.
A TABLE of the Contents of this Book.
A Table of the VOICE-LETTERS, or VOWELS, Page. 3
A Table of the DOUBLE VOICE-LETTERS, called DIPHTHONGS, distinguishing the
proper Diphthongs
from the
improper Diphthongs,
with a reference to the several rules whereby they are explained Page. 4
A Table of VOWELS, DIPHTHONGS, and TERMINATIONS, the English sound of which cannot be expressed in foreign letters Page. 5
The English Alphabet Page. 6, 7
The 3 first Rules of English Pronunciation collated together, so as to shew atone view the various sounds which each
Vowel
regularly acquires by changing its position, in which the difficulty of the
English
language principally consists Page. 8-11
Exceptions (both General and Particular) to the 1st Rule Page. 12, 13
A Repetition of the 2d Rule, with Examples Page. 14
Exceptions to ditto Page. 14-18
Repetition of the 3d Rule, with some farther Explanations Page. 19
Exceptions to the 3d Rule Page. 20-22
Of proper Diphthongs Page. 22
Of Au and aw Rule IV. Page. 22
Of Oi and oy V. Page. 22
Of Oo VI. Page. 23
Of Ou and ow VII. Page. 23-25
Of improper Diphthongs in general Page. 25
Ai, ay, and ey Rule VIII. Page. 26
Ae, ea, ee, ei, ie, ae, oe IX. Page. 27-30
Eu, ew, and iew X. Page. 30
Oa XI. Page. 30
Ue and ui XII. Page. 30, 31
A Table of Words which are independent of the Rules Page. 31
A Table of foreign Words which still retain (or nearly so) the original Sound, though adopted in the English Tongue Page. 32
An Index of the Words which are particular Exceptions to the Rules Page. 33, 44
An Appendix concerning the chief Peculiarities of the English Consonants, by the Rev. Mr. T. S. Page. 44-55
The
Lord's Prayer, Creed, Ten Commandments,
&c. divided into Syllables, (according to the
rule for spelling
recommended by l
p Lowth,) with References placed to all Syllables which are Exceptions to the Rules respecting the Sound of Vowels and Diphthongs, whereby the Difficulty of learning to
read English
will be much reduced Page. 56-74
Directions for Prayer Page. 62
A short Form of Morning-Prayer for a private Person Page. 64
A short Form of Evening-Prayer for a private Person Page. 68
ERRATA.
At the End of the Particular Exceptions concerning
ou,
in p. 24, line 11, add
but like
ū
in
you
and
your.
Add these two Words also in the Index of Particular Exceptions at p. 44, under their proper letter V.
In p. 27, l. 2
, add the Word
yea
before
yeast,
and in the Index of Particular Exceptions, p. 43.